Workplace Bullying and Performance of Employees: Manufacturing Firms Perspective in Anambra State

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v2i2.1339
Published: Feb 21, 2023

Abstract:

Purpose: This study determined workplace bullying and how it affects employees' performance, while it specifically examined workplace aggression and how it relates to the occupational stress of workers in the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra State.

Research Methodology: The study made use of a survey research design. The population consisted of 167 staff of 10 selected manufacturing and made use of the census method in sampling. The data collection instrument was a Likert-structured questionnaire which was subjected to both validity and reliability tests. Data analysis was done using simple regression and the hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance.

Result: The finding revealed that a positive relationship exists between workplace aggression and occupational stress and that a 90% change in occupational stress is a result of changes in workplace aggression (R = .904; R2 = 898; F statistics = 7097.588; p-value < .05).

Limitation: The study made use of just 10 manufacturing firms which might reduce the inferrability of the work.

Contribution: The study provided empirical evidence as to the relationship between workplace aggression and occupational stress in manufacturing firms in Anambra State which appear not to have been done before.

Novelty: The study made use of a self-structured questionnaire that took into consideration the operational environment of the firms and the characteristics of the employees and work relationships.

Keywords:
1. Workplace Bullying
2. Employee Performance
3. Workplace Aggression
4. Occupational Stress
5. Manufacturing Firms
Authors:
1 . Okeke Anene Patrick
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
2 . Nwosu Chike
Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
3 . Onyekwelu Njideka Phina
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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Patrick, . O. A., Chike , N., & Phina, O. N. (2023). Workplace Bullying and Performance of Employees: Manufacturing Firms Perspective in Anambra State. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v2i2.1339
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Issue & Section
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): September
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

    References

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    Ahmer, S., Yousafzai, A.-W., Siddiqi, M., Faruqui, R., Khan, R., & Zuberi, S. (2009). Bullying of trainee psychiatrists in Pakistan: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Academic Psychiatry, 33(4), 335-339.

    Akar, N. (2013). The relationships among perceived job stressors, workplace bullying and job stress in the health care services in Turkey: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(14), 248-257.

    Akintan, A., Onewo, T., & Ayodeji, E. (2021). Workplace bullying employees’ productivity: A study of Ondo state internal revenue service. Ilorin Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 34-43.

    Al Hashimi, A. S. A., & Azmin, A. A. (2021). The relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction in oman’s hotel sector: the mediating role of occupational self-efficacy. Management, 6(24), 39-53.

    Amegayibor, G. K. (2021). The effect of demographic factors on employees’ performance: A case of an owner-manager manufacturing firm. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 127-143.

    Anulika, O. V. (2021). WORKPLACE BULLYING: PREVALENCE AND EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE… 223 WORKPLACE BULLYING: PREVALENCE AND EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE IN ROAD TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA. Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology, 4(1), 223 - 234.

    Attell, B. K., Brown, K. K., & Treiber, L. A. (2017). Workplace bullying, perceived job stressors, and psychological distress: Gender and race differences in the stress process. Social science research, 65, 210-221.

    Buchanan, J. (2010). May I be excused? Why teachers leave the profession. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 30(2), 199-211.

    Bulut, S., & Hihi, S. (2021). Bullying in the workplace: The psychological causes and effects of bullying in the workplace. Clinical Research in Psychology.

    Burr, H., Balducci, C., Conway, P. M., & Rose, U. (2022). Workplace Bullying and Long-Term Sickness Absence—A Five-Year Follow-Up Study of 2476 Employees Aged 31 to 60 Years in Germany. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(12), 7193.

    Chia, S., & Kee, D. (2018). Workplace bullying and task performance: A study on salespeople in retail industry. Management Science Letters, 8(6), 707-716.

    Duffy, M., & Brown, J. E. (2018). Best practices in psychotherapy for targets of workplace bullying and mobbing. Workplace bullying and mobbing in the United States, 2, 291-314.

    Ebuka, A. A., Ngozi, N. H., Obianuju, C., & Peace, N. N. (2022). Job Crafting, a brain drain antidote in Public Universities in Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 1-13.

    Einarsen, S. (2006). The way forward by looking backwards. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on workplace bullying. Workplace bullying-The way forward.

    Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Cooper, C. (2002). Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: International perspectives in research and practice: CRC press.

    Elewa, A. H., & El Banan, S. H. A. (2019). Organizational culture, organizational trust and workplace bullying among staff nurses at public and private hospitals. International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 9(04), 10-20.

    Fan, Y., Cao, M., Zhou, Y., Duan, P., & Xing, L. (2022). Relationship Between Workplace Bullying, Spirituality And Job Burnout In Pediatric Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

    Feijó, F. R., Gräf, D. D., Pearce, N., & Fassa, A. G. (2019). Risk factors for workplace bullying: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(11), 1945.

    Fila, M. J., Purl, J., & Griffeth, R. W. (2017). Job demands, control and support: Meta-analyzing moderator effects of gender, nationality, and occupation. Human Resource Management Review, 27(1), 39-60.

    Godbless, E. E., & Enoh, I. (2022). Workplace Violence, University Staff Job Performance, and Mediation. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol, 28(01).

    Gordon, S. (2022). The Effects of Workplace Bullying. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-the-effects-of-workplace-bullying-460628

    Haq, M. R., Zia-ud-Din, M., & Rajvi, S. (2018). The impact of workplace bullying on employee cynicism with mediating role of psychological contract. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 8(8), 127-137.

    Hauge, L. J., Skogstad, A., & Einarsen, S. (2010). The relative impact of workplace bullying as a social stressor at work. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 51(5), 426-433.

    Jarrett, C. (2020). Workplace bullying is more harmful than we realised. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191219-workplace-bullying-is-more-harmful-than-we-realised

    Kalwala, S., & Chirunomula, N. R. (2017). Effect of workplace bullying on job satisfaction and organizational productivity - an empirical study. International Journal of Science Technology and Management, 6(3).

    Khalique, M., Arif, I., Siddiqui, M., & Kazmi, S. W. (2018). Impact of workplace bullying on job performance, intention to leave, OCB and stress. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 33(1), 55-74.

    Khan, M. M. R. (2020). Strategic human resource management in facilitating the organizational performance: Birds-eye view from Bangladesh. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 2(1), 13-24.

    Killoren, R. (2014). The toll of workplace bullying. Research management review, 20(1), n1.

    Komakech, E., Obici, G., & Mwesigwa, D. (2021). Efficacy of inspirational motivation on the performance of public health workers in mid-north of Uganda. Annals of Human Resource Management Research (AHRMR), 1(2), 85-97.

    L, S. (2020). How to Tackle the Negative Impacts of Workplace Bullying. Retrieved from https://www.betterplace.co.in/blog/how-to-tackle-negative-impacts-of-workplace-bullying/

    Ladebo, O. J., Awotunde, J. M., & AbdulSalaam-Saghir, P. (2008). Coworkers’ and supervisor interactional justice: Correlates of extension personnel’s job satisfaction, distress, and aggressive behavior. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 9(2), 206-225.

    Malik, N. A. A., Björkqvist, K., & Österman, K. (2017). Factors associated with occupational stress among university teachers in Pakistan and Finland. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 6(2), 1-14.

    Milner, A., Witt, K., LaMontagne, A. D., & Niedhammer, I. (2018). Psychosocial job stressors and suicidality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Occupational and environmental medicine, 75(4), 245-253.

    Namie, G. (2007). The challenge of workplace bullying. Employment Relations Today, 34(2), 43.

    Nazim Ali, D., Ihsan, A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG WORKPLACE BULLYING, JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB PERFORMANCE. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(3).

    Nielsen, M. B., & Einarsen, S. (2012). Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying: A meta-analytic review. Work & Stress, 26(4), 309-332.

    Nielsen, M. B., Matthiesen, S. B., & Einarsen, S. (2010). The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta?analysis. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 83(4), 955-979.

    Pheko, M. M. (2018). Autoethnography and cognitive adaptation: two powerful buffers against the negative consequences of workplace bullying and academic mobbing. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 13(1), 1459134.

    Phina, O. N., Patrick, O. A., & Nwabuike, C. (2022). Emotional Resilience and Employee Performance of Commercial Banks in South-East Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 105-115.

    Popescu, C., Georgescu, A. R., & Grap?, B. G. (2019). The Role and the Importance of Human Resources in Obtaining Organization Performances. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 10(1).

    Prem, R., Ohly, S., Kubicek, B., & Korunka, C. (2017). Thriving on challenge stressors? Exploring time pressure and learning demands as antecedents of thriving at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 108-123.

    Prem, R., Paškvan, M., Kubicek, B., & Korunka, C. (2018). Exploring the ambivalence of time pressure in daily working life. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(1), 35.

    Redman, B. (2022). The Effects on Mind & Body of Bullying in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/effects-workplace-bully-15295.html

    Riyanto, S., B, S., & Ali, H. (2017). The Influence of Workplace Spirituality and Oganizational Culture on Employee Engagement of Y Generation in PT. Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian Motors (KTB). International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4(7), 3598-3606.

    Rodríguez-Cifuentes, F., Fernández-Salinero, S., Moriano, J. A., & Topa, G. (2020). Presenteeism, overcommitment, workplace bullying, and job satisfaction: a moderated mediation relationship. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(22), 8616.

    Rosander, M., Salin, D., & Blomberg, S. (2022). The last resort: Workplace bullying and the consequences of changing jobs. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 63(2), 124-135.

    Rosling, L. (2020). 1/4 Of UK Employees Bullied At Work: SMELOANS.

    Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2015). Workplace bullying: a tale of adverse consequences. Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 12(1-2), 32.

    Shelton, T. L. (2011). Mobbing, bullying, & harassment: A silent dilemma in the workplace. Research Papers, 149.

    Smithers, A., & Robinson, P. (2003). Factors affecting teachers' decisions to leave the profession.

    Stojanovi?, Z., Milenovi?, M., & Markovi?, Z. (2012). Occupational stress and assertiveness in administrative and production workers. Facta universitatis-series: Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History, 11(1), 67-76.

    Strandmark, K. M., & Hallberg, L. R.-M. (2007). The origin of workplace bullying: experiences from the perspective of bully victims in the public service sector. Journal of Nursing management.

    Townend, A. (2008). Understanding and addressing bullying in the workplace. Industrial and commercial training, 40(5), 270-273.

    Vartia-Väänänen, M. (2003). Workplace bullying: A study on the work environment, well-being and health.

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  3. Ahmer, S., Yousafzai, A.-W., Siddiqi, M., Faruqui, R., Khan, R., & Zuberi, S. (2009). Bullying of trainee psychiatrists in Pakistan: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Academic Psychiatry, 33(4), 335-339.
  4. Akar, N. (2013). The relationships among perceived job stressors, workplace bullying and job stress in the health care services in Turkey: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(14), 248-257.
  5. Akintan, A., Onewo, T., & Ayodeji, E. (2021). Workplace bullying employees’ productivity: A study of Ondo state internal revenue service. Ilorin Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 34-43.
  6. Al Hashimi, A. S. A., & Azmin, A. A. (2021). The relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction in oman’s hotel sector: the mediating role of occupational self-efficacy. Management, 6(24), 39-53.
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  8. Anulika, O. V. (2021). WORKPLACE BULLYING: PREVALENCE AND EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE… 223 WORKPLACE BULLYING: PREVALENCE AND EFFECT ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE IN ROAD TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA. Peace and Conflict Journal of Peace Psychology, 4(1), 223 - 234.
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  13. Chia, S., & Kee, D. (2018). Workplace bullying and task performance: A study on salespeople in retail industry. Management Science Letters, 8(6), 707-716.
  14. Duffy, M., & Brown, J. E. (2018). Best practices in psychotherapy for targets of workplace bullying and mobbing. Workplace bullying and mobbing in the United States, 2, 291-314.
  15. Ebuka, A. A., Ngozi, N. H., Obianuju, C., & Peace, N. N. (2022). Job Crafting, a brain drain antidote in Public Universities in Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 1-13.
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  24. Haq, M. R., Zia-ud-Din, M., & Rajvi, S. (2018). The impact of workplace bullying on employee cynicism with mediating role of psychological contract. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 8(8), 127-137.
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  28. Khalique, M., Arif, I., Siddiqui, M., & Kazmi, S. W. (2018). Impact of workplace bullying on job performance, intention to leave, OCB and stress. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 33(1), 55-74.
  29. Khan, M. M. R. (2020). Strategic human resource management in facilitating the organizational performance: Birds-eye view from Bangladesh. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 2(1), 13-24.
  30. Killoren, R. (2014). The toll of workplace bullying. Research management review, 20(1), n1.
  31. Komakech, E., Obici, G., & Mwesigwa, D. (2021). Efficacy of inspirational motivation on the performance of public health workers in mid-north of Uganda. Annals of Human Resource Management Research (AHRMR), 1(2), 85-97.
  32. L, S. (2020). How to Tackle the Negative Impacts of Workplace Bullying. Retrieved from https://www.betterplace.co.in/blog/how-to-tackle-negative-impacts-of-workplace-bullying/
  33. Ladebo, O. J., Awotunde, J. M., & AbdulSalaam-Saghir, P. (2008). Coworkers’ and supervisor interactional justice: Correlates of extension personnel’s job satisfaction, distress, and aggressive behavior. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 9(2), 206-225.
  34. Malik, N. A. A., Björkqvist, K., & Österman, K. (2017). Factors associated with occupational stress among university teachers in Pakistan and Finland. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 6(2), 1-14.
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  37. Nazim Ali, D., Ihsan, A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG WORKPLACE BULLYING, JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB PERFORMANCE. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(3).
  38. Nielsen, M. B., & Einarsen, S. (2012). Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying: A meta-analytic review. Work & Stress, 26(4), 309-332.
  39. Nielsen, M. B., Matthiesen, S. B., & Einarsen, S. (2010). The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta?analysis. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 83(4), 955-979.
  40. Pheko, M. M. (2018). Autoethnography and cognitive adaptation: two powerful buffers against the negative consequences of workplace bullying and academic mobbing. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 13(1), 1459134.
  41. Phina, O. N., Patrick, O. A., & Nwabuike, C. (2022). Emotional Resilience and Employee Performance of Commercial Banks in South-East Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 105-115.
  42. Popescu, C., Georgescu, A. R., & Grap?, B. G. (2019). The Role and the Importance of Human Resources in Obtaining Organization Performances. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 10(1).
  43. Prem, R., Ohly, S., Kubicek, B., & Korunka, C. (2017). Thriving on challenge stressors? Exploring time pressure and learning demands as antecedents of thriving at work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 108-123.
  44. Prem, R., Paškvan, M., Kubicek, B., & Korunka, C. (2018). Exploring the ambivalence of time pressure in daily working life. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(1), 35.
  45. Redman, B. (2022). The Effects on Mind & Body of Bullying in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/effects-workplace-bully-15295.html
  46. Riyanto, S., B, S., & Ali, H. (2017). The Influence of Workplace Spirituality and Oganizational Culture on Employee Engagement of Y Generation in PT. Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian Motors (KTB). International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 4(7), 3598-3606.
  47. Rodríguez-Cifuentes, F., Fernández-Salinero, S., Moriano, J. A., & Topa, G. (2020). Presenteeism, overcommitment, workplace bullying, and job satisfaction: a moderated mediation relationship. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(22), 8616.
  48. Rosander, M., Salin, D., & Blomberg, S. (2022). The last resort: Workplace bullying and the consequences of changing jobs. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 63(2), 124-135.
  49. Rosling, L. (2020). 1/4 Of UK Employees Bullied At Work: SMELOANS.
  50. Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2015). Workplace bullying: a tale of adverse consequences. Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 12(1-2), 32.
  51. Shelton, T. L. (2011). Mobbing, bullying, & harassment: A silent dilemma in the workplace. Research Papers, 149.
  52. Smithers, A., & Robinson, P. (2003). Factors affecting teachers' decisions to leave the profession.
  53. Stojanovi?, Z., Milenovi?, M., & Markovi?, Z. (2012). Occupational stress and assertiveness in administrative and production workers. Facta universitatis-series: Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History, 11(1), 67-76.
  54. Strandmark, K. M., & Hallberg, L. R.-M. (2007). The origin of workplace bullying: experiences from the perspective of bully victims in the public service sector. Journal of Nursing management.
  55. Townend, A. (2008). Understanding and addressing bullying in the workplace. Industrial and commercial training, 40(5), 270-273.
  56. Vartia-Väänänen, M. (2003). Workplace bullying: A study on the work environment, well-being and health.