Work-life balance practices and employee job satisfaction: A case study of Ghana's security industry in Greater Accra
Abstract:
Purpose: The main goal of this study is to determine how work-life balance factors influence employees' job satisfaction in the security sector.
Research Methodology: To sample 115 employees, a quantitative methodology and correlational descriptive design, as well as a census technique, were used. The data were collected using structured questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression, and the data were input, processed, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: The findings showed that employees benefit from the organization's work-life balance strategies developed to guarantee that work life is easy for all employees. It also highlighted that several work-life balance elements have a substantial influence on employees' job satisfaction.
Limitations: A drawback is that, especially in Ghana's security industry, work-life balance practice has received less attention in the management literature. The study was limited in scope and concentrated on two districts in an urban environment.
Contribution: This theory supports the notion that elements of work-life balance influence job satisfaction. Whatever occurred or Any effort made to support employees’ work life would produce definite results when these factors or practices are ingrained into the security service and other organizations’ general policies and programs. This amply demonstrates the importance of work-life balance as a pivot point for employees' ability to meet organizational goals. It is good that the human resource management of every organization pays critical attention to these factors because they will increase job satisfaction and enhance performance.
Downloads

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Abbott, R. A., Ploubidis, G. B., Huppert, F. A., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M. E., & Croudace, T. J. (2006). Psychometric evaluation and predictive validity of Ryff's psychological well-being items in a UK birth cohort sample of women. Health and quality of life outcomes, 4, 1-16.
- Ansari, S., Chimani, K., Baloch, R. A., & Bukhari, H. (2015). Impact of work life balance on employee productivity: An empirical investigation from the banking sector of Pakistan. Paper presented at the Information and Knowledge Management.
- Arrowsmith, J., & McGoldrick, A. E. (1996). HRM service practices: flexibility, quality and employee strategy. International Journal of service Industry management, 7(3), 46-62.
- Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1996). The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction. Journal of retailing, 72(1), 57-75.
- Bailey, W. C., Woodiel, D. K., Turner, M. J., & Young, J. (1998). The relationship of financial stress to overall stress and satisfaction. Personal finances and worker Productivity, 2(2), 198-207.
- Bello, Z., & Tanko, G. I. (2020). Review of work-life balance theories. Journals and Bello, Zainab and Tanko, Garba Ibrahim, Review of Work-Life Balance Theories (December 31, 2020). Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bello, Z, 217-227.
- Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life: Transaction Publishers.
- Borah, S. (2012). Employee job satisfaction: A case study on the Pipeline Department of Oil India Limited. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 5(9), 32-36.
- Burke, R. J. (2000). Workaholism in organizations: psychological and physical well?being consequences. Stress Medicine, 16(1), 11-16.
- Cascio, W. F. (1995). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits: McGraw-Hill.
- Crouter, A. C. (1984). Participative work as an influence on human development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 5(1), 71-90.
- Curtis, E. A., Comiskey, C., & Dempsey, O. (2016). Importance and use of correlational research. Nurse researcher, 23(6).
- Deshpande, A. (2012). Workplace spirituality, organizational learning capabilities and mass customization: An integrated framework. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(5), 3.
- Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American psychologist, 55(1), 34.
- Duxbury, L. E. (2004). Dealing with work-life issues in the workplace: Standing still is not an option: Industrial Relations Centre, Queen's University Ontario, Canada.
- Dzuka, J., & Dalbert, C. (2000). Well-being as a psychological indicator of health in old age: A research agenda. Studia psychologica, 42(1/2), 61-70.
- Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of applied psychology, 87(3), 565.
- Etuk, G. R., & Alobo, E. T. (2014). Determinants of job dissatisfaction among employees in formal organizations in Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 3(5), 1113-1120.
- Fu, C. K., & Shaffer, M. A. (2001). The tug of work and family: Direct and indirect domain?specific determinants of work?family conflict. Personnel Review, 30(5), 502-522.
- Grady, G., Kerrane, M., Darcy, C., & McCarthy, A. (2008). Work Life Balance: Policies and Initiatives in Irish Organisations: A Best Practice Management Guide: Oak Tree Press.
- Greenhaus, J. H., Allen, T. D., & Foley, S. (2006). Work–family balance: Exploration of a concept. Paper presented at the families and work conference, Provo, UT.
- Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279.
- Hall, D. T. (1986). Career Development in Organizations: Wiley.
- Herrman, H., Saxena, S., & Moodie, R. (2005). Promoting mental health: concepts, emerging evidence, practice: a report of the World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse in collaboration with the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation and the University of Melbourne: World Health Organization.
- Hill, E. J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family issues, 26(6), 793-819.
- House, J. S. (1981). Work Stress and Social Support: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
- Isabirye, I. N. (2022). Psychological wellbeing, smployee Job satisfaction and Job performance among the Nonacademic staff of Makerere University. Makerere University.
- Isgör, I. Y., & Haspolat, N. K. (2016). Investigating the Psychological Well-Being and Job Satisfaction Levels in Different Occupations. International Education Studies, 9(12), 194-205.
- Janssen, O. (2001). Fairness perceptions as a moderator in the curvilinear relationships between job demands, and job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 1039-1050.
- Joo, S.-h., & Garman, E. T. (1998). Personal financial wellness may be the missing factor in understanding and reducing worker absenteeism. Personal finances and worker Productivity, 2(2), 172-182.
- Kasau, M., Kibe, A., Bundi, V., Maingi, J., & Vunyiwa, P. (2017). Work-life balance and Employee Performance in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Kitui County Government: Kenya.
- Katharina, L. P. P., & Dewi, A. (2020). The Effect of Career Development on Employee Performance Through Work Satisfaction as a Variable of Mediation. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 22(1), 1-7.
- Khalid, S. (2023). HOW PEOPLE EXPERIENCE WORK LIFE BALANCE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY WITH THREE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS.
- Khateeb, F. R. (2021). Work life balance-A review of theories, definitions and policies. Cross-Cultural Management Journal, 23(1), 27-55.
- Khoerunnisa, Y., & Rahayuningsih, N. (2019). Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja:(Studi Kasus Di Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Indramayu). Jurnal Investasi, 5(2), 42-61.
- Kratzer, C. Y., Brunson, B. H., Garman, E. T., Kim, J., & Joo, S. (1998). Financial education in the workplace: Results of a research study. Journal of Compensation and Benefits, 14, 24-27.
- Kreitner, R. (2005). Perilaku organisasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
- Kumar, G. V., & Janakiram, B. (2017). Theories of work life balance–a conceptual review. International Research Journal of Management and Commerce, 4(9), 184-192.
- Lindlof, T. R., & Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative Communication Research Methods: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Lumley, E., Coetzee, M., Tladinyane, R., & Ferreira, N. (2011). Exploring the job satisfaction and organisational commitment of employees in the information technology environment. Southern African Business Review, 15(1).
- Luthans, F. (1998). Organizational Behavior. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill.
- Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage.
- Malik, M. E., Nawab, S., Naeem, B., & Danish, R. Q. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of university teachers in public sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 17.
- Mayerhofer, H., Schmidt, A., Hartmann, L., & Bendl, R. (2011). Recognising diversity in managing work life issues of flexpatriates. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 30(7), 589-609.
- Medina-Garrido, J. A., Biedma-Ferrer, J. M., & Ramos-Rodríguez, A. R. (2017). Relationship between work-family balance, employee well-being and job performance. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 30(1), 40-58.
- Mendis, M., & Weerakkody, W. (2014). The relationship between work life balance and employee performance: With reference to telecommunication industry of Sri Lanka.
- Mohamed, S. A., & Ali, M. (2016). The importance of supervisor support for employees’ affective commitment: An analysis of job satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(2), 435-439.
- Mordi, C., & Ojo, S. I. (2011). Work-life balance practices in the banking sector: Insights from Nigeria. IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 19(2), 285-295.
- Morris, M. L., & Madsen, S. R. (2007). Advancing work—life integration in individuals, organizations, and communities. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9(4), 439-454.
- Nespoli, G. (2017). Impact of supervisor support on employee job satisfaction among fundraising staff within higher education. Pepperdine University.
- Nie, N., & Erbring, L. (2000). Internet and society: A preliminary report [On-line]. Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society (SIQSS), Stanford University, and InterSurvey Inc. Retrieved July, 18, 2001.
- Onyekwelu, N. P., Monyei, E. F., & Muogbo, U. S. (2022). Flexible Work Arrangements and Workplace Productivity: Examining The Nexus. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 4(3), 303-314.
- Parker, S. R., & Parker, S. (1971). The future of work and leisure (Vol. 5): Praeger Publishers New York.
- Rabey, G. (2007). Diagnose–then act. Some thoughts on training today. Industrial and commercial training, 39(3), 164-169.
- Rahman, G. M., & Shanjabin, S. (2022). The trilogy of job stress, motivation, and satisfaction of police officers: Empirical findings from Bangladesh. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 4(1), 85-99.
- Rani, S. V., & Mariappan, S. (2011). Work/life balance reflections on employee satisfaction. Serbian Journal of Management, 6(1), 85-96.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.
- Sam, M. P., Khan, I. A., & Babu, D. (2020). Impact of job location on relationship between job satisfaction and self?esteem of employees: Evidence from the Indian BPOs. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(2), e2006.
- Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: the social support questionnaire. Journal of personality and social psychology, 44(1), 127.
- Seligman, M., & Flourish, P. (2011). A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York.
- Seligman, M. E. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment: Simon and Schuster.
- Seran, E. R., Kase, P., & Nursalam, N. (2022). The effect of competence, workload, and incentives on the interest of civil servants to become commitment-making officials in Malaka Regency. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 15-30.
- Sieber, S. D. (1974). Toward a theory of role accumulation. American sociological review, 567-578.
- Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D.-J. (2018). Work-life balance: An integrative review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13, 229-254.
- Staines, G. L. (1980). Spillover versus compensation: A review of the literature on the relationship between work and nonwork. Human Relations, 33(2), 111-129.
- Swami, V. (2007). Work-life Balance: Organizational strategies for sustainable growth. Human Resource Management Review, 33-37.
- Trau, R. N. C., & Härtel, C. E. J. (2007). Contextual factors affecting quality of work life and career attitudes of gay men. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 19, 207-219.
- Watkins, R., & Fusch, P. (2022). Employee monetary compensation and employee job satisfaction.
- Wilensky, H. L. (1960). Work, careers, and social integration. International Social Science Journal, 12(4), 543-560.
- Williams, F. L., Haldeman, V., & Cramer, S. (1996). Financial concerns and productivity. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, 147.
- Xu, L. (2009). View on work-family linkage and work-family conflict model. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(12), 229-233.
- Zahedy, M. R., Jafari, S. A., & Ramezan, M. (2021). Examining the quality of work life: empirical testing indicators in the public organisation. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 99-111.