Enhancing employee competitiveness: The role mediation of human resources competencies

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i1.2789
Published: Jun 4, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: Effective methods for digital literacy and financial management are expected to enhance HR competency and employee competitiveness in the job market.

Research Methodology: This quantitative study used SEM-PLS with convenience sampling to select 192 BUMD employees in DKI Jakarta. Data were collected via an online Likert-scale questionnaire.

Results: This study highlights the role of digital literacy and financial management in HR markets mediated by HR competency. It offers empirical evidence and a framework that integrates these factors to enhance HR competitiveness.

Conclusions: This study emphasizes the impact of digital literacy and financial management on HR competencies and organizational competitiveness. This study provides empirical evidence and a framework for enhancing HR capabilities.

Limitations: This study was limited by convenience sampling, self-reported data bias, and cross-sectional design. It focuses only on digital literacy and financial management, excluding factors such as leadership and organizational culture.

Contribution: This study empirically highlights the role of digital literacy and financial management in enhancing HR competency and competitiveness. It introduces a new framework, offers practical insights, and validates relationships using PLS-SEM.

Keywords:
1. Digital Literacy
2. Financial Management
3. Human Resources
4. Market Competitiveness
Authors:
1 . Sismiati Sismiati
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Tunas Nusantara, Indonesia
2 . Syarifuddin Sulaiman
Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Indonesia
3 . Usmar Usmar
Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), Jakarta, Indonesia
4 . Tamrin Lanori
Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), Jakarta, Indonesia
5 . Primadi Candra Susanto
Institut Transportasi dan Logistik Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Sismiati, S., Sulaiman, S., Usmar, U., Tamrin Lanori, & Susanto, P. C. (2025). Enhancing employee competitiveness: The role mediation of human resources competencies. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i1.2789
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Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): March
Articles
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References

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    Ahmad, F., Widén, G., & Huvila, I. (2020). The impact of workplace information literacy on organizational innovation: An empirical study. International Journal of Information Management, 51, 102041. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.102041

    Ahmed, E. M. (2017). ICT and human capital spillover effects in achieving sustainable East Asian knowledge-based economies. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8(3), 1086-1112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-016-0430-4

    An, M., Lin, J., & Luo, X. R. (2024). The impact of human ai skills on organizational innovation: The moderating role of digital organizational culture. Journal of Business Research, 182, 114786. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114786

    Aristei, D., Gallo, M., & Vannoni, V. (2024). Preferences for ethical intermediaries and sustainable investment decisions in micro-firms: The role of financial literacy and digital financial capability. Research in International Business and Finance, 71, 102483. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102483

    Arseneault, R., & Gagnon, J. (2024). Managerial accounting practices, HR metrics, and firm performance. Advances in Accounting, 64, 100730. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100730

    Azeem, M., Ahmed, M., Haider, S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). Expanding competitive advantage through organizational culture, knowledge sharing and organizational innovation. Technology in Society, 66, 101635. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101635

    Bhutto, S. A., Jamal, Y., & Ullah, S. (2023). FinTech adoption, HR competency potential, service innovation and firm growth in banking sector. Heliyon, 9(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13967

    Blanka, C., Krumay, B., & Rueckel, D. (2022). The interplay of digital transformation and employee competency: A design science approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178, 121575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121575

    Cetindamar, D., Abedin, B., & Shirahada, K. (2021). The role of employees in digital transformation: a preliminary study on how employees’ digital literacy impacts use of digital technologies. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3087724

    Cheng, Z. M., Bonetti, F., de Regt, A., Ribeiro, J. L., & Plangger, K. (2024). Principles of responsible digital implementation: Developing operational business resilience to reduce resistance to digital innovations. Organizational Dynamics, 53(2), 101043. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101043

    Choung, Y., Chatterjee, S., & Pak, T.-Y. (2023). Digital financial literacy and financial well-being. Finance Research Letters, 58, 104438. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104438

    Chowdhury, S., Budhwar, P., Dey, P. K., Joel-Edgar, S., & Abadie, A. (2022). AI-employee collaboration and business performance: Integrating knowledge-based view, socio-technical systems and organisational socialisation framework. Journal of Business Research, 144, 31-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.069

    da Conceição Walkowski, M., dos Santos Pires, P., & Tricárico, L. T. (2019). Community-based tourism initiatives and their contribution to sustainable local development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 55-67.

    Deepa, R., Sekar, S., Malik, A., Kumar, J., & Attri, R. (2024). Impact of AI-focussed technologies on social and technical competencies for HR managers–A systematic review and research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 202, 123301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123301

    Dwiyanti, N. M. C., Luh Putu Agustini Karta, N., Cintya, N. P., & Bendesa, I. N. G. P. (2023). Strategi Pemasaran Museum Gunung Api Batur sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Edukasi di Kabupaten Bangli. Jurnal Studi Perhotelan dan Pariwisata, 2(1), 37-45. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jspp.v2i1.2565

    Ekawati, D., & Yudoko, G. (2024). Strategy for Automation and Digitalization in Indonesian Aerospace Manufacturing. Jurnal Bisnis dan Pemasaran Digital, 3(2), 91-105. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jbpd.v3i2.4510

    Fauna, A. M., Putri, R. N. H. S., Awallillah, M. R., Anisa, E. N., Putri, D. S., & Sulaiman, M. Y. (2024). Contribution of Competency-Based Curriculum Development to Improving The Branding Quality of ITB Tuban Digital Business Study Program Graduates. International Conference of Business and Social Sciences, 4(1), 1193–1199. doi:https://doi.org/10.24034/icobuss.v4i1.603

    Hamadamin, H. H., & Atan, T. (2019). The impact of strategic human resource management practices on competitive advantage sustainability: The mediation of human capital development and employee commitment. Sustainability, 11(20), 5782. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205782

    Huang, X., Yang, F., Zheng, J., Feng, C., & Zhang, L. (2023). Personalized human resource management via HR analytics and artificial intelligence: Theory and implications. Asia Pacific Management Review, 28(4), 598-610. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.04.004

    Imjai, N., Promma, W., Usman, B., & Aujirapongpan, S. (2024). The intertwined effects of digital literacy, agile mindset on design thinking skill and management control competency: Insights from Thai young accountants. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100244. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100244

    Iskandar, Y. (2023). Digital Transformation Model and the Role of HR in Indonesian MSMEs. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 4(2), 1427-1453. doi:https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i2.334

    Kamkankaew, P., Thanitbenjasith, P., Sribenjachot, S., Sanpatanon, N., Phattarowas, V., & Thanin, P. (2024). How Artificial Intelligence is Helping Businesses Grow and Thrive: The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Thai B2C Digital Marketing. International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews, 4(1), 137-164.

    Karim, M. S., Nahar, S., & Demirbag, M. (2022). Resource-based perspective on ICT use and firm performance: A meta-analysis investigating the moderating role of cross-country ICT development status. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179, 121626. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121626

    Kokkaew, N., Jokkaw, N., Peansupap, V., & Wipulanusat, W. (2022). Impacts of human resource management and knowledge management on non-financial organizational performance: Evidence of Thai infrastructure construction firms. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(6), 101750. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101750

    Lampropoulos, I., Astara, O.-E., Skordoulis, M., Panagiotakopoulou, K., & Papagrigoriou, A. (2024). The contribution of education and ICT knowledge in sustainable development perceptions: The case of higher education students in Greece. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 12(1), 15-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2024.121002

    Li, J., Wang, H., & Soh, W. (2024). Digital transformation, financial literacy and rural household entrepreneurship. Finance Research Letters, 62, 105171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105171

    Long, T., & Cooke, F. L. (2023a). Advancing the field of employee assistance programs research and practice: A systematic review of quantitative studies and future research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 33(2), 100941. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100941

    Long, T., & Cooke, F. L. (2023b). Employee assistance programmes in China: a state?of?the?art review and future research agenda. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(1), 3-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12345

    Manurung, A. S. P., & Putro, U. S. (2024). Decision Analysis of ANH Gas Field Using Value Focused Thinking and AHP. Jurnal Bisnis dan Pemasaran Digital, 3(2), 155-173. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jbpd.v3i2.4516

    Miftah, M., & Prasetyo, A. (2024). Digital Literacy Mastery and its Role in Human Resource Competitiveness. Paper presented at the 5th Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Science 2023.

    Murugesan, U., Subramanian, P., Srivastava, S., & Dwivedi, A. (2023). A study of artificial intelligence impacts on human resource digitalization in industry 4.0. Decision Analytics Journal, 7, 100249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100249

    Paarima, Y., Kwashie, A. A., & Ofei, A. M. A. (2021). Financial management skills of nurse managers in the Eastern Region of Ghana. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 14, 100269. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100269

    Pilav-Veli?, A., ?erne, M., Trkman, P., Wong, S. I., & Kadi?-Abaz, A. (2021). Digital or innovative: Understanding “Digital Literacy–practice–innovative work behavior” chain. The South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 16(1), 107-119. doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2021-0009

    Piwowar-Sulej, K., Blštáková, J., Ližbetinová, L., & Zagorsek, B. (2024). The impact of digitalization on employees' future competencies: has human resource development a conditional role here? Journal of Organizational Change Management, 37(8), 36-52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-10-2023-0426

    Rudiyanto, R., Munawar, N. A., Prayoga, R., Arini, D. U., & Mufliha, D. I. (2025). Maintaining Cooperative Sustainability: The Mediation Role of Performance Measurement Systems. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i1.2904

    Schiuma, G., Santarsiero, F., Carlucci, D., & Jarrar, Y. (2024). Transformative leadership competencies for organizational digital transformation. Business Horizons, 67(4), 425-437. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2024.04.004

    Schöggl, J.-P., Rusch, M., Stumpf, L., & Baumgartner, R. J. (2023). Implementation of digital technologies for a circular economy and sustainability management in the manufacturing sector. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 35, 401-420. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.11.012

    Selmer, J., & Chiu, R. (2004). Required human resources competencies in the future: a framework for developing HR executives in Hong Kong. Journal of World Business, 39(4), 324-336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2004.08.001

    Sharma, R., & Gupta, H. (2024). Harmonizing sustainability in industry 5.0 era: Transformative strategies for cleaner production and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of cleaner production, 445, 141118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141118

    Wang, G., Niu, Y., Mansor, Z. D., Leong, Y. C., & Yan, Z. (2024). Unlocking digital potential: Exploring the drivers of employee dynamic capability on employee digital performance in Chinese SMEs-moderation effect of competitive climate. Heliyon, 10(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e2558

    Zaimovic, A., Meskovic, M. N., Dedovic, L., Arnaut-Berilo, A., Zaimovic, T., & Torlakovic, A. (2024). Measuring digital financial literacy. Procedia Computer Science, 236, 574-581. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.05.068

  1. Abdallah, W., Tfaily, F., & Harraf, A. (2025). The impact of digital financial literacy on financial behavior: customers’ perspective. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 35(2), 347-370. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11-2023-0297
  2. Ahmad, F., Widén, G., & Huvila, I. (2020). The impact of workplace information literacy on organizational innovation: An empirical study. International Journal of Information Management, 51, 102041. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.102041
  3. Ahmed, E. M. (2017). ICT and human capital spillover effects in achieving sustainable East Asian knowledge-based economies. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8(3), 1086-1112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-016-0430-4
  4. An, M., Lin, J., & Luo, X. R. (2024). The impact of human ai skills on organizational innovation: The moderating role of digital organizational culture. Journal of Business Research, 182, 114786. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114786
  5. Aristei, D., Gallo, M., & Vannoni, V. (2024). Preferences for ethical intermediaries and sustainable investment decisions in micro-firms: The role of financial literacy and digital financial capability. Research in International Business and Finance, 71, 102483. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102483
  6. Arseneault, R., & Gagnon, J. (2024). Managerial accounting practices, HR metrics, and firm performance. Advances in Accounting, 64, 100730. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2024.100730
  7. Azeem, M., Ahmed, M., Haider, S., & Sajjad, M. (2021). Expanding competitive advantage through organizational culture, knowledge sharing and organizational innovation. Technology in Society, 66, 101635. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101635
  8. Bhutto, S. A., Jamal, Y., & Ullah, S. (2023). FinTech adoption, HR competency potential, service innovation and firm growth in banking sector. Heliyon, 9(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13967
  9. Blanka, C., Krumay, B., & Rueckel, D. (2022). The interplay of digital transformation and employee competency: A design science approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178, 121575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121575
  10. Cetindamar, D., Abedin, B., & Shirahada, K. (2021). The role of employees in digital transformation: a preliminary study on how employees’ digital literacy impacts use of digital technologies. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3087724
  11. Cheng, Z. M., Bonetti, F., de Regt, A., Ribeiro, J. L., & Plangger, K. (2024). Principles of responsible digital implementation: Developing operational business resilience to reduce resistance to digital innovations. Organizational Dynamics, 53(2), 101043. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101043
  12. Choung, Y., Chatterjee, S., & Pak, T.-Y. (2023). Digital financial literacy and financial well-being. Finance Research Letters, 58, 104438. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104438
  13. Chowdhury, S., Budhwar, P., Dey, P. K., Joel-Edgar, S., & Abadie, A. (2022). AI-employee collaboration and business performance: Integrating knowledge-based view, socio-technical systems and organisational socialisation framework. Journal of Business Research, 144, 31-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.069
  14. da Conceição Walkowski, M., dos Santos Pires, P., & Tricárico, L. T. (2019). Community-based tourism initiatives and their contribution to sustainable local development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 55-67.
  15. Deepa, R., Sekar, S., Malik, A., Kumar, J., & Attri, R. (2024). Impact of AI-focussed technologies on social and technical competencies for HR managers–A systematic review and research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 202, 123301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123301
  16. Dwiyanti, N. M. C., Luh Putu Agustini Karta, N., Cintya, N. P., & Bendesa, I. N. G. P. (2023). Strategi Pemasaran Museum Gunung Api Batur sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Edukasi di Kabupaten Bangli. Jurnal Studi Perhotelan dan Pariwisata, 2(1), 37-45. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jspp.v2i1.2565
  17. Ekawati, D., & Yudoko, G. (2024). Strategy for Automation and Digitalization in Indonesian Aerospace Manufacturing. Jurnal Bisnis dan Pemasaran Digital, 3(2), 91-105. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jbpd.v3i2.4510
  18. Fauna, A. M., Putri, R. N. H. S., Awallillah, M. R., Anisa, E. N., Putri, D. S., & Sulaiman, M. Y. (2024). Contribution of Competency-Based Curriculum Development to Improving The Branding Quality of ITB Tuban Digital Business Study Program Graduates. International Conference of Business and Social Sciences, 4(1), 1193–1199. doi:https://doi.org/10.24034/icobuss.v4i1.603
  19. Hamadamin, H. H., & Atan, T. (2019). The impact of strategic human resource management practices on competitive advantage sustainability: The mediation of human capital development and employee commitment. Sustainability, 11(20), 5782. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205782
  20. Huang, X., Yang, F., Zheng, J., Feng, C., & Zhang, L. (2023). Personalized human resource management via HR analytics and artificial intelligence: Theory and implications. Asia Pacific Management Review, 28(4), 598-610. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.04.004
  21. Imjai, N., Promma, W., Usman, B., & Aujirapongpan, S. (2024). The intertwined effects of digital literacy, agile mindset on design thinking skill and management control competency: Insights from Thai young accountants. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100244. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100244
  22. Iskandar, Y. (2023). Digital Transformation Model and the Role of HR in Indonesian MSMEs. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 4(2), 1427-1453. doi:https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i2.334
  23. Kamkankaew, P., Thanitbenjasith, P., Sribenjachot, S., Sanpatanon, N., Phattarowas, V., & Thanin, P. (2024). How Artificial Intelligence is Helping Businesses Grow and Thrive: The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Thai B2C Digital Marketing. International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews, 4(1), 137-164.
  24. Karim, M. S., Nahar, S., & Demirbag, M. (2022). Resource-based perspective on ICT use and firm performance: A meta-analysis investigating the moderating role of cross-country ICT development status. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179, 121626. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121626
  25. Kokkaew, N., Jokkaw, N., Peansupap, V., & Wipulanusat, W. (2022). Impacts of human resource management and knowledge management on non-financial organizational performance: Evidence of Thai infrastructure construction firms. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(6), 101750. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101750
  26. Lampropoulos, I., Astara, O.-E., Skordoulis, M., Panagiotakopoulou, K., & Papagrigoriou, A. (2024). The contribution of education and ICT knowledge in sustainable development perceptions: The case of higher education students in Greece. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 12(1), 15-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2024.121002
  27. Li, J., Wang, H., & Soh, W. (2024). Digital transformation, financial literacy and rural household entrepreneurship. Finance Research Letters, 62, 105171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105171
  28. Long, T., & Cooke, F. L. (2023a). Advancing the field of employee assistance programs research and practice: A systematic review of quantitative studies and future research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 33(2), 100941. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100941
  29. Long, T., & Cooke, F. L. (2023b). Employee assistance programmes in China: a state?of?the?art review and future research agenda. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(1), 3-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12345
  30. Manurung, A. S. P., & Putro, U. S. (2024). Decision Analysis of ANH Gas Field Using Value Focused Thinking and AHP. Jurnal Bisnis dan Pemasaran Digital, 3(2), 155-173. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jbpd.v3i2.4516
  31. Miftah, M., & Prasetyo, A. (2024). Digital Literacy Mastery and its Role in Human Resource Competitiveness. Paper presented at the 5th Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Science 2023.
  32. Murugesan, U., Subramanian, P., Srivastava, S., & Dwivedi, A. (2023). A study of artificial intelligence impacts on human resource digitalization in industry 4.0. Decision Analytics Journal, 7, 100249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2023.100249
  33. Paarima, Y., Kwashie, A. A., & Ofei, A. M. A. (2021). Financial management skills of nurse managers in the Eastern Region of Ghana. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 14, 100269. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100269
  34. Pilav-Veli?, A., ?erne, M., Trkman, P., Wong, S. I., & Kadi?-Abaz, A. (2021). Digital or innovative: Understanding “Digital Literacy–practice–innovative work behavior” chain. The South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 16(1), 107-119. doi:https://doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2021-0009
  35. Piwowar-Sulej, K., Blštáková, J., Ližbetinová, L., & Zagorsek, B. (2024). The impact of digitalization on employees' future competencies: has human resource development a conditional role here? Journal of Organizational Change Management, 37(8), 36-52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-10-2023-0426
  36. Rudiyanto, R., Munawar, N. A., Prayoga, R., Arini, D. U., & Mufliha, D. I. (2025). Maintaining Cooperative Sustainability: The Mediation Role of Performance Measurement Systems. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i1.2904
  37. Schiuma, G., Santarsiero, F., Carlucci, D., & Jarrar, Y. (2024). Transformative leadership competencies for organizational digital transformation. Business Horizons, 67(4), 425-437. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2024.04.004
  38. Schöggl, J.-P., Rusch, M., Stumpf, L., & Baumgartner, R. J. (2023). Implementation of digital technologies for a circular economy and sustainability management in the manufacturing sector. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 35, 401-420. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.11.012
  39. Selmer, J., & Chiu, R. (2004). Required human resources competencies in the future: a framework for developing HR executives in Hong Kong. Journal of World Business, 39(4), 324-336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2004.08.001
  40. Sharma, R., & Gupta, H. (2024). Harmonizing sustainability in industry 5.0 era: Transformative strategies for cleaner production and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of cleaner production, 445, 141118. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141118
  41. Wang, G., Niu, Y., Mansor, Z. D., Leong, Y. C., & Yan, Z. (2024). Unlocking digital potential: Exploring the drivers of employee dynamic capability on employee digital performance in Chinese SMEs-moderation effect of competitive climate. Heliyon, 10(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e2558
  42. Zaimovic, A., Meskovic, M. N., Dedovic, L., Arnaut-Berilo, A., Zaimovic, T., & Torlakovic, A. (2024). Measuring digital financial literacy. Procedia Computer Science, 236, 574-581. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.05.068