Physical and social environment as predictors of job satisfaction for seafarers: An empirical study of the shipping industry in Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.3156
Published: Sep 16, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of physical and social work environments on job satisfaction among seafarers in Indonesian shipping companies, addressing a critical gap in maritime human resource literature. Given the long periods of isolation and high-stress conditions faced by seafarers, understanding workplace dynamics is essential for improving crew retention and operational efficiency.

Methodology: A quantitative explanatory survey was conducted with 350 seafarers across different ranks in deck and engine departments of Indonesian-flagged vessels. Stratified random sampling considered variations in work experience, vessel type, and operational route. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS 26, enabling examination of multiple relationships while controlling for confounding variables.

Results: Findings show that both physical (working conditions, safety equipment, living quarters) and social environments (team cohesion, supervisor support, communication) positively influence job satisfaction. Social factors exerted 42% greater influence than physical conditions. Additionally, seafarers with over five years of experience reported 28% higher satisfaction. Open-ended responses underscored the importance of fair conflict resolution and recognition systems.

Conclusions: While adequate physical conditions remain essential, investments in the social environment particularly leadership training and communication systems produce stronger effects on satisfaction, challenging industry practices that emphasize physical over social improvements.

Limitations: Results are limited to Indonesian seafarers and specific shipping segments, suggesting the need for cross-national and longitudinal studies.

Contribution: The study offers evidence-based insights for crew management and advances theoretical understanding of job satisfaction in isolated work environments, with a replicable methodological framework for other maritime contexts.

Keywords:
1. Crew communication
2. Maritime Human Resources
3. Physical Work Environment
4. Seafarers' Job Satisfaction
5. Social Work Environment
Authors:
1 . Kundori Kundori
Universitas Maritim AMNI, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
2 . Endah Fauziningrum
Universitas Maritim AMNI, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Kundori, K., & Fauziningrum, E. (2025). Physical and social environment as predictors of job satisfaction for seafarers: An empirical study of the shipping industry in Indonesia. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(3), 653–666. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.3156
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Issue & Section
Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): September
Articles
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  2. Alkhadra, W. A., Khawaldeh, S., & Aldehayyat, J. (2023). Relationship of Ethical Leadership, Organizational Culture, Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Performance: A Test of Two Mediation Models. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(4), 737-760. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-05-2022-0092
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  4. Andrade, M. S., Miller, D., & Westover, J. H. (2021). Job satisfaction Factors for Housekeepers in the Hotel Industry: A Global Comparative Analysis. International Hospitality Review, 35(1), 90-108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IHR-06-2020-0018
  5. Azila-Gbettor, E. M., Atatsi, E. A., Tulasi, E. E., & Ayimey, E. K. (2024). Fostering Workplace Civility in the Financial Sector: The Influence of Ethical Leadership Practices and Ethical Work Climate. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100803
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  7. Baygi, F., Shidfar, F., Sheidaei, A., Farshad, A., Mansourian, M., & Blome, C. (2022). Psychosocial Issues and Sleep Quality among Seafarers: A Mixed Methods Study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13154-4
  8. Brooks, S. K., & Greenberg, N. (2022). Mental Health and Psychological Wellbeing of Maritime Personnel: A Systematic Review. BMC Psychology, 10(1), 1-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00850-4
  9. Caesar, L. D., Cahoon, S., & Fei, J. (2015). Exploring the Range of Retention Issues for Seafarers in Global Shipping: Opportunities for Further Research. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 14(1), 141-157. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-015-0078-0
  10. Carrera-Arce, M., & Bartusevi?ien?, I. (2024). Foreword to the Special Issue on “Seafarer’s Mental Health and Well-Being”. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241261691
  11. Dewan, M. H., & Godina, R. (2023). Roles and Challenges of Seafarers for Implementation of Energy Efficiency Operational Measures Onboard Ships. Marine Policy, 155, 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105746
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  16. Hayati, K., & Caniago, I. (2025). Exploring the Influence of Ethical Leadership on Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Islamic Work Ethic. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 41(3), 608-629. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-09-2024-0269
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