Analysis of factors affecting employee turnover with career path as an intervening variable

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.3197
Published: Sep 23, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop hypotheses regarding factors that influence employee turnover, with a particular focus on the land transportation sector in Indonesia. The land transportation industry is characterized by high employee mobility and operational demands, making turnover a critical issue that directly affects service quality, safety, and organizational sustainability. Understanding the underlying factors is therefore essential for designing effective human resource policies and reducing workforce instability.

Methodology: This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review. Descriptive qualitative studies aim to systematically synthesize and interpret findings from previous research without relying on statistical data analysis (Creswell & Poth, 2018). Comparative analysis was used to identify patterns and relationships across multiple studies. The data were collected from academic sources such as Thomson Reuters Journals, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus Q2–Q4 Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Web of Science, Sinta 2–5 Journals, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Copernicus, and digital reference books.

Results: The review identifies ten key findings: work engagement, remuneration, and leadership directly affect both career path and turnover; career path itself strongly influences turnover; and work engagement and remuneration indirectly affect turnover through career path.

Conclusions: Employee turnover depends on engagement, leadership, and career opportunities; strengthening these reduces turnover and enhances workforce stability in transportation.

Limitations: Future research should include transportation data to strengthen findings.

Contribution: This study enhances understanding of employee turnover by examining work engagement, remuneration, leadership, and career path.

Keywords:
1. Employee Performance
2. Work Competence
3. Work Environment
4. Work Experience
Authors:
1 . Devi Marlita
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
2 . ⁠Lis Lesmini
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
3 . Sri Handayani
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
4 . Indriyati Indriyati
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
5 . Atong Soekirman
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
6 . Euis Saribanon
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
7 . Sarinah Sihombing
Trisakti Institute of Transportation and Logistics, Jakarta, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Marlita, D., Lesmini, ⁠Lis, Handayani, S., Indriyati, I., Soekirman, A., Saribanon, E., & Sihombing, S. (2025). Analysis of factors affecting employee turnover with career path as an intervening variable. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(3), 769–785. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.3197
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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): September
Articles
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  2. Ali, H., Istianingsih, S., & Farhan, S. (2022). Pengukuran Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Beban Kerja, Budaya Kerja dan Motivasi (Studi Literature Review). Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin, 1(1), 83-93. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v1i1.16
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  4. Cahyaningrum, N. P., Prasetya, H., & Mustiawan, M. (2025). Storytelling Marketing Communication Dalam Membangun Engagement Pada Nano Influencer Tiktok @Tenscoffeeid. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 5(1), 101-117. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v5i1.5004
  5. Didit, D. D., & Nikmah, N. R. S. (2020). The role of remuneration contribution and social support in organizational life to build work engagement. Journal of Islamic Economics Perspectives, 1(2), 20-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.35719/jiep.v1i2.24
  6. Esa, M., Hasyim, A., & Rajak, A. (2022). Turnover Intention Karyawan Dan Upaya Pencegahannya (Studi Pada Pt. Langgang Buana Perkasa). Jurnal Mitra Manajemen, 6, 455-469. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.52160/ejmm.v6i8.632
  7. Faisal, A. (2025). Determining Employee Productivity: Analysis of Competence, Organizational Commitment, Career Path, and Motivation. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 6(5), 1325-1336. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/dijms.v6i5.4765
  8. Fathoni, M. A. (2025). Studi Instrumen Kebijakan dalam Upaya Percepatan Penurunan Stunting Kota Kediri. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 5(1), 55-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v5i1.4599
  9. Febriyani, L., & Rismanto, M. (2023). The Effect of Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. JETBIS: Journal Of Economics, Technology and Business, 2(9), 669-678. doi:https://doi.org/10.57185/jetbis.v2i9.79
  10. Gabriela, M. G. L., Eloy, S. A. S., Abdell Useff, A. D. M., Antonieta, A. G. F. M., Jorge, G. P., & Antonio, M. B. M. (2023). Current Trends in Organizational Culture: Driving Employee Engagement. Migration Letters, 20(9), 1228-1240. doi:https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20iS9.4971
  11. Gazali, Sandi, K., Lestari, Y., & Zainurrafiqi. (2023). Job Autonomy, Workload, Job Stress and Intention to Leave on Millennial: A Literature Review. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 6(1). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v6i1.325
  12. Hadi, P. (2023). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on Employee Performance Mediated by Work Motivation and Work Engagement. International Journal of Research in Business & Social Science, 12(2), 653-661. doi:https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i2.2465
  13. Hakim, L., Agustan, T. J., & Rangkuti, S. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting village financial accountability. Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), 14(1), 085-102. doi:https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v14i1.44194
  14. Hasan, Z. u., Khan, M. I., Butt, T. H., Abid, G., & Rehman, S. (2020). The Balance between Work and Life for Subjective Well-Being: A Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040127
  15. Huang, S. Y., Ting, C.-W., & Li, M.-W. (2021). The Effects of Green Transformational Leadership on Adoption of Environmentally Proactive Strategies: The Mediating Role of Green Engagement. Sustainability, 13(6), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063366
  16. Joniaková, Z., Mikle, L., Blštáková, J., & Taha, V. A. (2022). Remuneration of Employees as a Tool of Strategic Management of Human Resources. The Poprad Economic and Management, 10, 85-99.
  17. Kang, C., & Cho, H. (2021). Effect of the High School Students' Perspective of FUTURE ORIENTED TIME on the Actions for the Career Path Preparations: Mediating Effect of the Self Leadership and the Motivation for Career Path. Public Value, 6(4), 1-14.
  18. Lestari, S., Artisa, R. A., Nurliawati, N., & Maulana, R. R. (2025). Evaluation of the Affordable Food Program in Bandung City Using the CIPP Model. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 5(1), 85-100. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v5i1.5197
  19. Lim, A. P., Loo, J. K., & Lee, P. (2017). The impact of leadership on turnover intention: The mediating role of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 1(1), 27-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.47263/jasem.1
  20. Lim, H., & Rokhim, R. (2021). Factors Affecting Profitability of Pharmaceutical Company: An Indonesian Evidence. Journal of Economic Studies, 48(5), 981-995. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-01-2020-0021
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  22. Mahaputra, M. R., & Saputra, F. (2021). Literature Review the Effect of Headmaster Leadership on Teacher Performance, Loyalty and Motivation. Journal of Accounting and Finance Management, 2(2), 103-113. doi:https://doi.org/10.38035/jafm.v2i2.77
  23. Masood, S., Siddiqui, G., Lodhi, H., & Shahbaz, S. (2020). Effect of Leadership Styles on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Turnover Intention. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 6, 487-495. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i2.1200
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