The influence of adversity quotient on nurses’ job performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Batam City Health Centers

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v4i2.3248
Published: Aug 6, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study explores the effect of Adversity Quotient (AQ) on nurse job performance, with motivation as a mediating factor, especially during the COVID-19 crisis.

Methodology: Employing a quantitative, explanatory research design, the study collected data from 137 nurses at community health centers (Puskesmas) in Batam, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine both direct and indirect effects.

Results: AQ significantly boosts motivation but does not directly affect performance. Motivation has a strong positive impact on performance and fully mediates the AQ–performance link, showing that resilience must be channeled through motivation to influence behavior.

Conclusions: The research concludes that AQ alone is insufficient to enhance performance it requires the presence of motivation to translate resilience into tangible outcomes. This highlights the importance of fostering motivational support in healthcare environments

Limitations: The study’s generalizability is limited to nurses in Batam and is constrained by its cross-sectional design and self-reported data, which may introduce bias.

Contribution: This study strengthens the integration of adversity quotient theory with self-determination theory by validating the mediating role of intrinsic motivation. It contributes a psychological model where motivation serves as a catalyst for transforming resilience into effective job behavior.

Keywords:
1. Adversity Quotient
2. COVID-19
3. Job Performance
4. Motivation
Authors:
Arman Syarif
STIE Krakatau, Lampung, Indonesia
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How to Cite
Syarif, A. (2025). The influence of adversity quotient on nurses’ job performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Batam City Health Centers. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(2), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v4i2.3248
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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): September
Articles
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References

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    Kooktapeh, Z. G., Dustmohammadloo, H., Mehrdoost, H., & Fatehi, F. (2023). In the Line of Fire: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Job Burnout Among Nurses. General Economics, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.14853

    Li, H., Xu, Y. L., Jing, M. J., Wei, X. J., Li, L. M., & Guo, Y. F. (2022). The Mediating Effects of Adversity Quotient and Self?Efficacy on ICU Nurses' Organizational Climate and Work Engagement. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(7), 3322-3329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13773

    Lubis, A. (2018). Pengaruh Adversity Quotient Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Pengemudi Taksi Konvensional di Kota Medan). JKBM (Jurnal Konsep Bisnis dan Manajemen), 4(2), 60-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.31289/jkbm.v4i2.1525

    Luo, Z., Liu, T., Wang, D., Qi, N., Zhang, J., & Tian, L. (2025). The impact of nurses’ adversity quotient on their work stress: the mediating role of professional identity. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02865-9

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    Nantsupawat, A., Kutney-Lee, A., Abhicharttibutra, K., Wichaikhum, O.-A., & Poghosyan, L. (2024). Exploring the relationships between resilience, burnout, work engagement, and intention to leave among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 290. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01958-1

    Nuriani, L., Suryadi, & Sudiarni. (2023). Analisis Hukum Hilangnya Hak Kepemilikan Tanah Masyarakat Pesisir Bintan Akibat Peraturan Agraria. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 2(2), 87-93. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v2i2.2415

    Pellikka, A., Junttila, K., Laukkala, T., & Haapa, T. (2024). Nurses’ perceptions of desired support from their employer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative survey study. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01779-2

    Poku, C. A., Bayuo, J., Agyare, V. A., Sarkodie, N. K., & Bam, V. (2025). Work engagement, resilience and turnover intentions among nurses: a mediation analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12242-6

    Saxena, S., & Rathore, B. (2025). Adversity Quotient as Determining Factor of Mental Health and Professional Quality of Life Among Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. Annals of Neurosciences, 32(1), 58-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531241231055

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    Shan, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, Z., Chen, W., & Chen, R. (2023). Enhancing the work engagement of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of affective commitment and perceived organizational support. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 451. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01623-z

    Shen, Z.-M., Wang, Y.-Y., Cai, Y.-M., Li, A.-Q., Zhang, Y.-X., Chen, H.-J., . . . Tan, J. (2024). Thriving at Work as a Mediator of the Relationship between Psychological Resilience and the Work Performance of Clinical Nurses. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01705-6

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    Xu, W., Li, L., Jiang, Q., Fang, Y., & Yang, Q. (2024). Relationship between the sense of nursing professional pride and adversity quotient, grit levels among nurses in blood purification centers: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1441010. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1441010

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    Zhang, M., Chen, H., Wang, N., Li, Y., Li, X., & Liu, Y. (2023). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement among Chinese Nurses during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Study Between Nurse Specialists and General Nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990216

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  2. Ambrose, J. W., Catchpole, K., Evans, H. L., Nemeth, L. S., Layne, D. M., & Nichols, M. (2024). Healthcare Team Resilience during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. BMC Health Services research, 24(1), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10895-3
  3. Azahra, F., & Isa, M. (2021). Pengaruh Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Hubungan Antara Job Autonomy, Adversity Quotient dan Kinerja Karyawan. Paper presented at the Prosiding University Research Colloquium.
  4. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  5. Elia, N., & Marselina. (2023). Tingkat Pengangguran Berdasarkan Jumlah Penduduk, Pendapatan Perkapita, dan Investasi Asing di Indonesia Tahun 1996-2020. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 1(2), 123-135. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v1i2.1391
  6. Fashafsheh, I. H., Eqtait, F. A., Hammad, B. M., Ayed, A. J., & Salameh, B. S. (2025). The impact of emotional intelligence on work performance among ICU nurses in Palestine: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03068-y
  7. Galdames, I. S., Jurado, M. d. M. M., Martínez, E. F., Pérez-Fuentes, M. d. C., & Linares, J. J. G. (2024). Resilience, Burnout and Mental Health in Nurses: A Latent Mediation Model. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(10), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102769
  8. Gou, X., Chen, L., Yang, S., Li, Y., & Wu, J. (2024). Relationships of the adversity quotient subtypes of nursing interns with depression, coping styles, positive psychological capital, and professional adaptability: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 865. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05853-w
  9. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. New York: Springer Nature.
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  16. Li, H., Xu, Y. L., Jing, M. J., Wei, X. J., Li, L. M., & Guo, Y. F. (2022). The Mediating Effects of Adversity Quotient and Self?Efficacy on ICU Nurses' Organizational Climate and Work Engagement. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(7), 3322-3329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13773
  17. Lubis, A. (2018). Pengaruh Adversity Quotient Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Pengemudi Taksi Konvensional di Kota Medan). JKBM (Jurnal Konsep Bisnis dan Manajemen), 4(2), 60-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.31289/jkbm.v4i2.1525
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  20. Nantsupawat, A., Kutney-Lee, A., Abhicharttibutra, K., Wichaikhum, O.-A., & Poghosyan, L. (2024). Exploring the relationships between resilience, burnout, work engagement, and intention to leave among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 290. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01958-1
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  22. Pellikka, A., Junttila, K., Laukkala, T., & Haapa, T. (2024). Nurses’ perceptions of desired support from their employer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative survey study. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01779-2
  23. Poku, C. A., Bayuo, J., Agyare, V. A., Sarkodie, N. K., & Bam, V. (2025). Work engagement, resilience and turnover intentions among nurses: a mediation analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12242-6
  24. Saxena, S., & Rathore, B. (2025). Adversity Quotient as Determining Factor of Mental Health and Professional Quality of Life Among Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. Annals of Neurosciences, 32(1), 58-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531241231055
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  26. Shan, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, Z., Chen, W., & Chen, R. (2023). Enhancing the work engagement of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of affective commitment and perceived organizational support. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 451. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01623-z
  27. Shen, Z.-M., Wang, Y.-Y., Cai, Y.-M., Li, A.-Q., Zhang, Y.-X., Chen, H.-J., . . . Tan, J. (2024). Thriving at Work as a Mediator of the Relationship between Psychological Resilience and the Work Performance of Clinical Nurses. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01705-6
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  29. Soriano-Vázquez, I., Cajachagua Castro, M., & Morales-García, W. C. (2023). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of job satisfaction: the mediating role of conflict management in nurses. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1249020. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1249020
  30. Stoltz, P. G. (1999). Adversity Quotient: Turning Obstacles into Opportunities. Canada: John Wiley & Sons.
  31. Xu, W., Li, L., Jiang, Q., Fang, Y., & Yang, Q. (2024). Relationship between the sense of nursing professional pride and adversity quotient, grit levels among nurses in blood purification centers: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1441010. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1441010
  32. Yu, F., Chu, G., Yeh, T., & Fernandez, R. (2024). Effects of interventions to promote resilience in nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 157, 104825. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104825
  33. Yudiyawaties, N. D., Anwar, K., Yuliansyah, M., & Jarkawi, J. (2022). Hubungan Sertifikasi Kepuasan Kerja dan Pembinaan Profesionalisme dengan Manajemen Kinerja Guru BK SMP di Kecamatan Kelua Pugaan dan Banua Lawas. Jurnal Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan (Jahidik), 1(2), 129-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jahidik.v1i2.1551
  34. Zhang, M., Chen, H., Wang, N., Li, Y., Li, X., & Liu, Y. (2023). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement among Chinese Nurses during COVID-19 Outbreak: A Comparative Study Between Nurse Specialists and General Nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990216
  35. Zulkarnain, Said, D. U., & Amitasari, D. (2022). Analisis Efisiensi Teknis, Alokatif dan Ekonomi pada Usahatani Padi Sawah. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 1(1), 1-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v1i1.728