Locus of control: an employee job embeddedness implication for bankers in Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v1i3.454
Published: Feb 25, 2020

Abstract:

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between Locus of Control (LOC) and Employee Embeddedness (EE) in Nigeria's selected commercial banks.

Research Methodology: The study adopted a survey research design with a population of 400 employees. The sample size was 190 was determined using Krejcie and Morgan formula. A questionnaire was the instrument for data collection, while the analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance,

Results: Internal LOC has a statistically significant effect on sacrifice (R = .976; R-Square = .952; p-value < 0.05). Internal LOC makes it possible for employees to be more entangled in the organization, thereby making exiting the firms more difficult.

Limitations: Data was not collected from different regions in Nigeria, hence limiting the study's generalizability.

Contribution: This study represents the most recent LOC work, and it is novel in relating LOC to EE in Nigeria.

Keywords: Locus of Control, Internal LOC, Employee job embeddedness, Sacrifice

Keywords:
1. Locus of control
2. Internal LOC
3. Employee job embeddedness
4. Sacrifice
Authors:
1 . Dibua Emmanuel Chijioke
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria
2 . Nwanmuoh Emmanuel Ejiofo
Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsuka
3 . Chitom Racheal John-Akamelu
Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Management Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria
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How to Cite
Chijioke, D. E., Ejiofo, N. E., & John-Akamelu, C. R. (2020). Locus of control: an employee job embeddedness implication for bankers in Nigeria. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(3), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v1i3.454
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Vol. 1 No. 3: February
Articles
References

    Akintayo, D. (2012). Locus of Control and job satisfaction as predictors of Perceived non-teaching staffs` productivity in higher institutions in Ogun state, Nigeria. Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, 1(6), 181-187.

    Boondhalir & Sajeethkumar (2020). Study on work locus of control and occupational stress among employees. Journal of Information and Computational Science, 10(8), 452-464.

    Charlier, S. D., Guay, R. P., & Zimmerman, R. D. (2016). 'Plugged in or disconnected? A model of the effects of technological factors on employee job embeddedness'. Human Resource Management 55(1), 109–126.

    Dayo, A. I. (2012). Locus of Control and job satisfaction as predictors of Perceived non-teaching staffs` productivity in higher institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and

    Business Studies, 1(6), 181-187.

    Ferreira, N., & Coetzee, M. (2014). Psychological career resources as predictors of employees' job embeddedness: An exploratory study. South African Journal of Labour Relations 38(2), 9–26.

    Forte, A. (2005). Locus of Control and the moral reasoning of managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(1), 65-77.

    Hakan, C. (2016). A research on the relationship between job embeddedness with performance and burnout of academicians in Turkey. Journal of Business and Management, 18(3), 68-80.

    Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W. (2006). Increasing human and social capital by applying job embeddedness theory. Organizational Dynamics, 35, 316–331.

    Jeloudar&Lotfi-Goodarzi (2012). Predicting teachers' locus of control and job performance among MA and BA teachers senior secondary schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(12), 248-252.

    Karimi &Alipour (2011). Reduce job stress in organizations: role of locus of control. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(18), 232-236

    Khushk (2019). Impact of Locus of Control (LOC) and organizational commitment on employee performance- study of service sector, Pakistan. International Journal of Law and Peace Works, 6(5), 1-6.

    Kobersy, I., Khasiyeva, L., Yakhina, V., Ignaryeva, O., Goloshchapova, L, Shkurkin, D.,& Sadykova, L. (2016). Approaches to implementation of motivation as the complex conditions of increase of efficiency of social and labour relations. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(S1), 208-217.

    Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2014). Perilaku organisasi. Edisi 9. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

    Krejcie, R.V.,& Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30, 607-610.

    Kusuma, A. H. P., & Syam, A. H. (2018). The Main Role of Locus of Control and Professional Ethics on Lecturer's Performance (Indonesian Lecturer Empirical Study). International Review of Management and Marketing, 8(5), 9-17.

    Leone, Christopher & Burns, Joseph. (2000). The Measurement of Locus of Control: Assessing More Than Meets the Eye?. The Journal of psychology, 134. 63-76. 10.1080/00223980009600849.

    Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the Locus of Control construct (Vol. 1, pp. 15-63). New York: Academic Press.

    Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science, (pp. 346). Oxford, England: Harper.

    Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1-55.

    Manichander, T. (2014). Locus of Control and performance: Widening Applicabilities. Indian Journal of Research, 3(2), 84-86.

    Menezes, A.A. (2008), Analisis dampak Locus of Control terhadap kinerja dan kepuasan kerja internal auditor (Penelitian terhadap internal auditor di Jawa Tengah). Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.

    Mitchell T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1102–1121.

    Munir, S.,& Sajid, M.(2010). Examining Locus of Control (LOC) as a determinant of organizational commitment among University Professors in Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 1(3), 78-93. Retrieved from: http://jbsq.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/JBSQ_4F.pdf

    Olusegun, S. O. (2013). Influence of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of library personnel in selected Universities in South-West Nigeria. Nebraska: University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

    Onyeizugbe, C., &Asiegbu, O. B. (2017). Job embeddedness and employee performance of selected commercial banks in Anambra State. Pyrex Journal of Business Management Research, 3(1), 8-16.

    Poespowidjojo, D. L., Noor, J., & Yaacob, M. R. (2019). Internal Locus of Control affect job performance of commercial television in Indonesia context mediation of job embeddedness. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(7S2), 368-374.

    Rehman, S. M. (2012). Employee Turnover and retention strategies: a empirical study of public sector organizations in Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(1), 83-89.

    Rum, M. (2012). Locus of Control, innovation, performance of the business people in the small business and medium industries in south Sulawesi. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 15(3), 373 – 388.

    Soleh, A., Noviantoro, R., & Putrafinaldo, D. (2020). The effect of Locus of Control and communication toward employee performance. Management Sustainable Development Journal, 2(2), 41-52.

    Spector, P. E. (1988), Development of the Work Locus of Control Scale. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 335–340.

    Srivatsava, A.K., & Singh, A. P. (1981). Construction and standardization of an occupational stress index: A pilot study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(2), 133- 136

    Suherlan, Q. A., Wahyuni, S., & Hazairin, A. G. (2017). Relationship between Locus of Control and organizational commitment (Study on employee of multifinance company PT. X Makassar branch). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 127, 209-212

    Takawira, N., Coetzee, M., Schreuder, D. (2014). Job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention of staff in a higher education institution: An exploratory study. South African Journal of Human Resource Management, 12 (1).

    Thomas W. H. N., Kelly, l. S., & Lillian T. E., (2006). Locus of Control at work: a meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27, 107–118.

    Vijayashreea, L., & Jagdischchandra, M. V. (2011). Locus of Control and job satisfaction: PSU employees. Serbian Journal of Management 6(2), 193–203.

    Wageeh, N. (2015). Meta-Analysis of the Impact of job embeddedness on employee attitudes and employee performance: a study on commercial banks in Egypt. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(2), 196-213.

    Wang, P., & Ye, X. (2013). A review of job embeddedness: conceptual, measurement, and relative study conclusions. International Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC)

    Yasir, S. (2011). Government employees turnover related to job embeddedness. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(8), 226-234.

    Yuwono, H., Eliyana, A., Buchdadi, A. D., Hamidah, Sariwulan, T., &Handicapilano, R. T. (2020). The effect of Locus of Control on employees' job satisfaction. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(8), 43-50.

  1. Akintayo, D. (2012). Locus of Control and job satisfaction as predictors of Perceived non-teaching staffs` productivity in higher institutions in Ogun state, Nigeria. Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, 1(6), 181-187.
  2. Boondhalir & Sajeethkumar (2020). Study on work locus of control and occupational stress among employees. Journal of Information and Computational Science, 10(8), 452-464.
  3. Charlier, S. D., Guay, R. P., & Zimmerman, R. D. (2016). 'Plugged in or disconnected? A model of the effects of technological factors on employee job embeddedness'. Human Resource Management 55(1), 109–126.
  4. Dayo, A. I. (2012). Locus of Control and job satisfaction as predictors of Perceived non-teaching staffs` productivity in higher institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and
  5. Business Studies, 1(6), 181-187.
  6. Ferreira, N., & Coetzee, M. (2014). Psychological career resources as predictors of employees' job embeddedness: An exploratory study. South African Journal of Labour Relations 38(2), 9–26.
  7. Forte, A. (2005). Locus of Control and the moral reasoning of managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(1), 65-77.
  8. Hakan, C. (2016). A research on the relationship between job embeddedness with performance and burnout of academicians in Turkey. Journal of Business and Management, 18(3), 68-80.
  9. Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W. (2006). Increasing human and social capital by applying job embeddedness theory. Organizational Dynamics, 35, 316–331.
  10. Jeloudar&Lotfi-Goodarzi (2012). Predicting teachers' locus of control and job performance among MA and BA teachers senior secondary schools. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(12), 248-252.
  11. Karimi &Alipour (2011). Reduce job stress in organizations: role of locus of control. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(18), 232-236
  12. Khushk (2019). Impact of Locus of Control (LOC) and organizational commitment on employee performance- study of service sector, Pakistan. International Journal of Law and Peace Works, 6(5), 1-6.
  13. Kobersy, I., Khasiyeva, L., Yakhina, V., Ignaryeva, O., Goloshchapova, L, Shkurkin, D.,& Sadykova, L. (2016). Approaches to implementation of motivation as the complex conditions of increase of efficiency of social and labour relations. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(S1), 208-217.
  14. Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2014). Perilaku organisasi. Edisi 9. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
  15. Krejcie, R.V.,& Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30, 607-610.
  16. Kusuma, A. H. P., & Syam, A. H. (2018). The Main Role of Locus of Control and Professional Ethics on Lecturer's Performance (Indonesian Lecturer Empirical Study). International Review of Management and Marketing, 8(5), 9-17.
  17. Leone, Christopher & Burns, Joseph. (2000). The Measurement of Locus of Control: Assessing More Than Meets the Eye?. The Journal of psychology, 134. 63-76. 10.1080/00223980009600849.
  18. Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the Locus of Control construct (Vol. 1, pp. 15-63). New York: Academic Press.
  19. Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science, (pp. 346). Oxford, England: Harper.
  20. Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1-55.
  21. Manichander, T. (2014). Locus of Control and performance: Widening Applicabilities. Indian Journal of Research, 3(2), 84-86.
  22. Menezes, A.A. (2008), Analisis dampak Locus of Control terhadap kinerja dan kepuasan kerja internal auditor (Penelitian terhadap internal auditor di Jawa Tengah). Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.
  23. Mitchell T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1102–1121.
  24. Munir, S.,& Sajid, M.(2010). Examining Locus of Control (LOC) as a determinant of organizational commitment among University Professors in Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 1(3), 78-93. Retrieved from: http://jbsq.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/JBSQ_4F.pdf
  25. Olusegun, S. O. (2013). Influence of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of library personnel in selected Universities in South-West Nigeria. Nebraska: University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
  26. Onyeizugbe, C., &Asiegbu, O. B. (2017). Job embeddedness and employee performance of selected commercial banks in Anambra State. Pyrex Journal of Business Management Research, 3(1), 8-16.
  27. Poespowidjojo, D. L., Noor, J., & Yaacob, M. R. (2019). Internal Locus of Control affect job performance of commercial television in Indonesia context mediation of job embeddedness. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(7S2), 368-374.
  28. Rehman, S. M. (2012). Employee Turnover and retention strategies: a empirical study of public sector organizations in Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(1), 83-89.
  29. Rum, M. (2012). Locus of Control, innovation, performance of the business people in the small business and medium industries in south Sulawesi. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 15(3), 373 – 388.
  30. Soleh, A., Noviantoro, R., & Putrafinaldo, D. (2020). The effect of Locus of Control and communication toward employee performance. Management Sustainable Development Journal, 2(2), 41-52.
  31. Spector, P. E. (1988), Development of the Work Locus of Control Scale. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61, 335–340.
  32. Srivatsava, A.K., & Singh, A. P. (1981). Construction and standardization of an occupational stress index: A pilot study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(2), 133- 136
  33. Suherlan, Q. A., Wahyuni, S., & Hazairin, A. G. (2017). Relationship between Locus of Control and organizational commitment (Study on employee of multifinance company PT. X Makassar branch). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 127, 209-212
  34. Takawira, N., Coetzee, M., Schreuder, D. (2014). Job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention of staff in a higher education institution: An exploratory study. South African Journal of Human Resource Management, 12 (1).
  35. Thomas W. H. N., Kelly, l. S., & Lillian T. E., (2006). Locus of Control at work: a meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27, 107–118.
  36. Vijayashreea, L., & Jagdischchandra, M. V. (2011). Locus of Control and job satisfaction: PSU employees. Serbian Journal of Management 6(2), 193–203.
  37. Wageeh, N. (2015). Meta-Analysis of the Impact of job embeddedness on employee attitudes and employee performance: a study on commercial banks in Egypt. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(2), 196-213.
  38. Wang, P., & Ye, X. (2013). A review of job embeddedness: conceptual, measurement, and relative study conclusions. International Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC)
  39. Yasir, S. (2011). Government employees turnover related to job embeddedness. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(8), 226-234.
  40. Yuwono, H., Eliyana, A., Buchdadi, A. D., Hamidah, Sariwulan, T., &Handicapilano, R. T. (2020). The effect of Locus of Control on employees' job satisfaction. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(8), 43-50.