Providing a framework for knowledge sharing in knowledge-based organizations according to social capital indicators

https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v1i4.490
Published: Mar 25, 2021

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a framework for examining knowledge sharing from the perspective of social capital in knowledge-based organizations. For this purpose, the social capital and knowledge sharing literature has been reviewed and appropriate dimensions and components have been selected for use in the proposed framework.

Research methodology: The number of experts participating in this study was 12. Kendall’s W Ranks is a statistical index for assessing the degree of agreement in a group. This statistical index, which is related to non-parametric statistics, is used to assess the degree to which a number of evaluators agree on the ranking of several factors.

Result: This research's proposed framework shows that the main bottleneck in the knowledge sharing process is the sender. Numerous factors affect the motivation, quantity and quality of knowledge shared by him. The proposed conceptual model shows the factors in the field of social capital well. This means that the organization's managers should pay special attention to people with knowledge to activate the process of knowledge sharing in the organization as a driving force.

Limitations: This research only described knowledge-based organizations.

Contribution: The proposed conceptual framework makes a good distinction between formal and informal knowledge-sharing channels in a knowledge-based organization. Formal channels are controlled and manageable channels. Although the main burden of knowledge sharing in organizations lies with informal channels, the more managers can shift the organization's knowledge to formal channels, the more they can manage the process. This is a part of the job that social capital, in particular, helps to achieve. The proposed framework discusses the acceptance of the use of formal frameworks.

Keywords: Social capital, Knowledge management, Knowledge sharing, Expertise method

Keywords:
1. Social capital
2. Knowledge management
3. Knowledge sharing
4. Expertise method
Authors:
1 . Saeed Ghorbani
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 . Shayan Naghdi Khanachah
Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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How to Cite
Ghorbani, S., & Khanachah, S. N. (2021). Providing a framework for knowledge sharing in knowledge-based organizations according to social capital indicators. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(4), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v1i4.490
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Vol. 1 No. 4: May
Articles
References

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    Argote, L., & Fahrenkopf, E. (2016). Knowledge transfer in organizations: the roles of members, tasks, tools, and networks. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, 146-159.

    Bapuji, H., & Crossan, M. (2005). Co-evolution of social capital and knowledge: an extension of the Nahapiet And Ghoshal (1998) Framework. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings.

    Brauner, E., & Becker, A. (2006). Beyond knowledge sharing: the management of transactive knowledge systems. Knowledge and Process Management, 13(1), 62-71.

    Buonincontri, P., Morvillo, A., Okumus, F., & van Niekerk, M. (2017). Managing the experience co-creation process in tourism destinations: empirical findings from Naples. Tourism Management, 62, 264-277.

    Cleveland, S., & Ellis, T. J. (2015). Rethinking knowledge sharing barriers: a content analysis of 103 studies. International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM), 11(1), 28-51.

    Dabić, M., Stojčić, N., Simić, M., Potocan, V., Slavković, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2020). Intellectual agility and innovation in micro and small businesses: The mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 123, 683-695.

    De Clercq, D., Dimov, D., & Thongpapanl, N. (2013). Organizational social capital, formalization, and internal knowledge sharing in entrepreneurial orientation formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(3), 505-537.

    Duan, Y., Wang, W., & Zhou, W. (2020). The multiple mediation effect of absorptive capacity on the organizational slack and innovation performance of high-tech manufacturing firms: Evidence from Chinese firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 229, 107754.

    Fadel, K. J., & Durcikova, A. (2014). Enhancing the motivation, opportunity, and ability of knowledge workers to participate in knowledge exchange. Paper presented at the 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

    Fang, Y.-H., & Chiu, C.-M. (2010). In justice we trust: Exploring knowledge-sharing continuance intentions in virtual communities of practice. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 235-246.

    Hajro, A., Gibson, C. B., & Pudelko, M. (2017). Knowledge exchange processes in multicultural teams: Linking organizational diversity climates to teams’ effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 60(1), 345-372.

    Isaksen, A., & Jakobsen, S.-E. (2017). New path development between innovation systems and individual actors. In: Taylor & Francis.

    Jameson, J., Ferrell, G., Kelly, J., Walker, S., & Ryan, M. (2006). Building trust and shared knowledge in communities of e‐learning practice: collaborative leadership in the JISC eLISA and CAMEL lifelong learning projects. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37(6), 949-967.

    Jayaram, J., & Pathak, S. (2013). A holistic view of knowledge integration in collaborative supply chains. International Journal of Production Research, 51(7), 1958-1972.

    Kim, W., & Park, J. (2017). Examining structural relationships between work engagement, organizational procedural justice, knowledge sharing, and innovative work behavior for sustainable organizations. Sustainability, 9(2), 205.

    King, W. R., & Marks Jr, P. V. (2008). Motivating knowledge sharing through a knowledge management system. Omega, 36(1), 131-146.

    Levasseur, M., Richard, L., Gauvin, L., & Raymond, É. (2010). Inventory and analysis of definitions of social participation found in the aging literature: Proposed taxonomy of social activities. Social science & medicine, 71(12), 2141-2149.

    Majchrzak, A., Faraj, S., Kane, G. C., & Azad, B. (2013). The contradictory influence of social media affordances on online communal knowledge sharing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 38-55.

    Mäkelä, K., Andersson, U., & Seppälä, T. (2012). Interpersonal similarity and knowledge sharing within multinational organizations. International Business Review, 21(3), 439-451.

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    Moustaghfir, K., Schiuma, G., Mura, M., Lettieri, E., Radaelli, G., & Spiller, N. (2013). Promoting professionals' innovative behaviour through knowledge sharing: the moderating role of social capital. Journal of Knowledge Management.

    Nesheim, T., & Gressgård, L. J. (2014). Knowledge sharing in a complex organization: Antecedents and safety effects. Safety science, 62, 28-36.

    Nhon, H. T. (2020). The intellectual capital, firm performance and the moderating role of manager Skills. Business Management and Strategy, 11(2), 1-21.

    Oliveira, M., Curado, C., Balle, A. R., & Kianto, A. (2020). Knowledge sharing, intellectual capital and organizational results in SMES: are they related? Journal of Intellectual Capital.

    Paulin, D., & Suneson, K. (2015). Knowledge transfer, knowledge sharing and knowledge barriers–three blurry terms in KM. Leading Issues in Knowledge Management, 2(2), 73.

    Ployhart, R. E., Nyberg, A. J., Reilly, G., & Maltarich, M. A. (2014). Human capital is dead; long live human capital resources! Journal of management, 40(2), 371-398.

    Pyo, M. Y., Kim, J. Y., Sohn, J. O., Lee, E. S., Kim, H. S., Kim, K. O., . . . Yang, J. R. (2012). The effects of an advanced cardiac life support training via smartphone's simulation application on nurses' knowledge and learning satisfaction. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 18(2), 228-238.

    Rass, M., Dumbach, M., Danzinger, F., Bullinger, A. C., & Moeslein, K. M. (2013). Open innovation and firm performance: the mediating role of social capital. Creativity and innovation management, 22(2), 177-194.

    Raza, I., & Awang, Z. (2020). Knowledge sharing in multicultural organizations: evidence from Pakistan. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning.

    Rosser, S. V. (2005). Through the lenses of feminist theory: Focus on women and information technology. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 26(1), 1-23.

    Simmie, J. (2005). Critical surveys edited by Stephen Roper innovation and space: a critical review of the literature. Regional studies, 39(6), 789-804.

    Smedlund, A. (2006). The roles of intermediaries in a regional knowledge system. Journal of Intellectual Capital.

    Stone, V., Miller, M. R., Clift, M. J., Elder, A., Mills, N. L., Møller, P., . . . Alstrup Jensen, K. (2017). Nanomaterials versus ambient ultrafine particles: an opportunity to exchange toxicology knowledge. Environmental health perspectives, 125(10), 106002.

    Touboulic, A., & Walker, H. (2015). Theories in sustainable supply chain management: a structured literature review. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management.

    Vera‐Mun˜ oz, S. C., Ho, J. L., & Chow, C. W. (2006). Enhancing knowledge sharing in public accounting firms. Accounting Horizons, 20(2), 133-155.

    Wang, P., Chaudhry, S., Li, L., Cao, X., Guo, X., Vogel, D., & Zhang, X. (2016). Exploring the influence of social media on employee work performance. Internet Research.

    Wang, W., Sun, J., Liu, C., & Xue, Z. (2017). Application of immunostimulants in aquaculture: current knowledge and future perspectives. Aquaculture Research, 48(1), 1-23.

    Yang, F. X. (2017). Effects of restaurant satisfaction and knowledge sharing motivation on eWOM intentions: the moderating role of technology acceptance factors. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(1), 93-127.

    Zahedi, M. R., & Khanachah, S. N. (2019). The impact of customer assisted knowledge production capacity on customer capital in a knowledge-based center. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(2), 107-121.

    Zahedi, M. R., & Khanachah, S. N. (2020). The effect of knowledge management processes on organizational innovation through intellectual capital development in Iranian industrial organizations. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management.

    Zahedi, M. R., & Naghdi Khanachah, S. (2019). Measuring the impact of organizational social capital on organizational innovation (Case study: Iran Khodro Industrial Group).

  1. Alejandro, T. B., Yang, J., Alejandro, T. G. B., & Boles, J. S. (2011). The role of social capital and knowledge transfer in selling center performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.
  2. Argote, L., & Fahrenkopf, E. (2016). Knowledge transfer in organizations: the roles of members, tasks, tools, and networks. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, 146-159.
  4. Bapuji, H., & Crossan, M. (2005). Co-evolution of social capital and knowledge: an extension of the Nahapiet And Ghoshal (1998) Framework. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings.
  5. Brauner, E., & Becker, A. (2006). Beyond knowledge sharing: the management of transactive knowledge systems. Knowledge and Process Management, 13(1), 62-71.
  6. Buonincontri, P., Morvillo, A., Okumus, F., & van Niekerk, M. (2017). Managing the experience co-creation process in tourism destinations: empirical findings from Naples. Tourism Management, 62, 264-277.
  7. Cleveland, S., & Ellis, T. J. (2015). Rethinking knowledge sharing barriers: a content analysis of 103 studies. International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM), 11(1), 28-51.
  8. Dabi?, M., Stoj?i?, N., Simi?, M., Potocan, V., Slavkovi?, M., & Nedelko, Z. (2020). Intellectual agility and innovation in micro and small businesses: The mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. Journal of Business Research, 123, 683-695.
  9. De Clercq, D., Dimov, D., & Thongpapanl, N. (2013). Organizational social capital, formalization, and internal knowledge sharing in entrepreneurial orientation formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(3), 505-537.
  10. Duan, Y., Wang, W., & Zhou, W. (2020). The multiple mediation effect of absorptive capacity on the organizational slack and innovation performance of high-tech manufacturing firms: Evidence from Chinese firms. International Journal of Production Economics, 229, 107754.
  11. Fadel, K. J., & Durcikova, A. (2014). Enhancing the motivation, opportunity, and ability of knowledge workers to participate in knowledge exchange. Paper presented at the 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
  12. Fang, Y.-H., & Chiu, C.-M. (2010). In justice we trust: Exploring knowledge-sharing continuance intentions in virtual communities of practice. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 235-246.
  13. Hajro, A., Gibson, C. B., & Pudelko, M. (2017). Knowledge exchange processes in multicultural teams: Linking organizational diversity climates to teams’ effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 60(1), 345-372.
  15. Isaksen, A., & Jakobsen, S.-E. (2017). New path development between innovation systems and individual actors. In: Taylor & Francis.
  16. Jameson, J., Ferrell, G., Kelly, J., Walker, S., & Ryan, M. (2006). Building trust and shared knowledge in communities of e?learning practice: collaborative leadership in the JISC eLISA and CAMEL lifelong learning projects. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37(6), 949-967.
  17. Jayaram, J., & Pathak, S. (2013). A holistic view of knowledge integration in collaborative supply chains. International Journal of Production Research, 51(7), 1958-1972.
  18. Kim, W., & Park, J. (2017). Examining structural relationships between work engagement, organizational procedural justice, knowledge sharing, and innovative work behavior for sustainable organizations. Sustainability, 9(2), 205.
  19. King, W. R., & Marks Jr, P. V. (2008). Motivating knowledge sharing through a knowledge management system. Omega, 36(1), 131-146.
  20. Levasseur, M., Richard, L., Gauvin, L., & Raymond, É. (2010). Inventory and analysis of definitions of social participation found in the aging literature: Proposed taxonomy of social activities. Social science & medicine, 71(12), 2141-2149.
  21. Majchrzak, A., Faraj, S., Kane, G. C., & Azad, B. (2013). The contradictory influence of social media affordances on online communal knowledge sharing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 38-55.
  22. Mäkelä, K., Andersson, U., & Seppälä, T. (2012). Interpersonal similarity and knowledge sharing within multinational organizations. International Business Review, 21(3), 439-451.
  23. Maqsood, T., Walker, D., & Finegan, A. (2007). Extending the “knowledge advantage”: creating learning chains. The Learning Organization.
  24. Moustaghfir, K., Schiuma, G., Mura, M., Lettieri, E., Radaelli, G., & Spiller, N. (2013). Promoting professionals' innovative behaviour through knowledge sharing: the moderating role of social capital. Journal of Knowledge Management.
  25. Nesheim, T., & Gressgård, L. J. (2014). Knowledge sharing in a complex organization: Antecedents and safety effects. Safety science, 62, 28-36.
  26. Nhon, H. T. (2020). The intellectual capital, firm performance and the moderating role of manager Skills. Business Management and Strategy, 11(2), 1-21.
  27. Oliveira, M., Curado, C., Balle, A. R., & Kianto, A. (2020). Knowledge sharing, intellectual capital and organizational results in SMES: are they related? Journal of Intellectual Capital.
  28. Paulin, D., & Suneson, K. (2015). Knowledge transfer, knowledge sharing and knowledge barriers–three blurry terms in KM. Leading Issues in Knowledge Management, 2(2), 73.
  29. Ployhart, R. E., Nyberg, A. J., Reilly, G., & Maltarich, M. A. (2014). Human capital is dead; long live human capital resources! Journal of management, 40(2), 371-398.
  30. Pyo, M. Y., Kim, J. Y., Sohn, J. O., Lee, E. S., Kim, H. S., Kim, K. O., . . . Yang, J. R. (2012). The effects of an advanced cardiac life support training via smartphone's simulation application on nurses' knowledge and learning satisfaction. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 18(2), 228-238.
  31. Rass, M., Dumbach, M., Danzinger, F., Bullinger, A. C., & Moeslein, K. M. (2013). Open innovation and firm performance: the mediating role of social capital. Creativity and innovation management, 22(2), 177-194.
  32. Raza, I., & Awang, Z. (2020). Knowledge sharing in multicultural organizations: evidence from Pakistan. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning.
  33. Rosser, S. V. (2005). Through the lenses of feminist theory: Focus on women and information technology. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 26(1), 1-23.
  34. Simmie, J. (2005). Critical surveys edited by Stephen Roper innovation and space: a critical review of the literature. Regional studies, 39(6), 789-804.
  35. Smedlund, A. (2006). The roles of intermediaries in a regional knowledge system. Journal of Intellectual Capital.
  36. Stone, V., Miller, M. R., Clift, M. J., Elder, A., Mills, N. L., Møller, P., . . . Alstrup Jensen, K. (2017). Nanomaterials versus ambient ultrafine particles: an opportunity to exchange toxicology knowledge. Environmental health perspectives, 125(10), 106002.
  37. Touboulic, A., & Walker, H. (2015). Theories in sustainable supply chain management: a structured literature review. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management.
  38. Vera?Mun˜ oz, S. C., Ho, J. L., & Chow, C. W. (2006). Enhancing knowledge sharing in public accounting firms. Accounting Horizons, 20(2), 133-155.
  39. Wang, P., Chaudhry, S., Li, L., Cao, X., Guo, X., Vogel, D., & Zhang, X. (2016). Exploring the influence of social media on employee work performance. Internet Research.
  40. Wang, W., Sun, J., Liu, C., & Xue, Z. (2017). Application of immunostimulants in aquaculture: current knowledge and future perspectives. Aquaculture Research, 48(1), 1-23.
  41. Yang, F. X. (2017). Effects of restaurant satisfaction and knowledge sharing motivation on eWOM intentions: the moderating role of technology acceptance factors. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(1), 93-127.
  42. Zahedi, M. R., & Khanachah, S. N. (2019). The impact of customer assisted knowledge production capacity on customer capital in a knowledge-based center. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(2), 107-121.
  43. Zahedi, M. R., & Khanachah, S. N. (2020). The effect of knowledge management processes on organizational innovation through intellectual capital development in Iranian industrial organizations. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management.
  44. Zahedi, M. R., & Naghdi Khanachah, S. (2019). Measuring the impact of organizational social capital on organizational innovation (Case study: Iran Khodro Industrial Group).