Duties of Editors

• Publication Decisions
  The editor is responsible for deciding which submitted manuscripts should be published. Decisions are guided by the journal’s editorial policies and legal requirements, including libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editor may consult other editors or reviewers in making these decisions.

• Fair Play
  Manuscripts are evaluated solely on intellectual merit, without discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

• Confidentiality
  Editors and editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
  Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s own research without the express written consent of the author.

Duties of Reviewers

• Contribution to Editorial Decisions
  Peer review assists editors in making editorial decisions and helps authors improve manuscript quality through constructive feedback.

• Promptness
  Reviewers who feel unqualified or unable to complete the review in a timely manner must notify the editor and withdraw from the review process.

• Confidentiality
  Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents and must not be shared or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

• Standards of Objectivity
  Reviews must be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of authors is inappropriate. Reviewers should provide clear arguments supported by evidence.

• Acknowledgement of Sources
  Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited and notify the editor of any substantial similarity or overlap with other published works.

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
  Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers must not evaluate manuscripts where conflicts of interest exist.

Duties of Authors

• Reporting Standards
  Authors must present an accurate and objective account of the research performed, including sufficient detail and references to allow replication. Fraudulent or misleading statements are unacceptable.

• Originality and Plagiarism
  Authors must ensure that their work is entirely original. Any use of others’ work or words must be properly cited or quoted.

• Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication
  Authors must not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously or publish substantially similar research in multiple outlets.

• Acknowledgement of Sources
  Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. All influential sources must be appropriately cited.

• Authorship of the Paper
  Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study.
  The corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors approve the final manuscript and agree to its submission.

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
  Authors must disclose any financial or other conflicts of interest that could influence the interpretation of results, as well as all sources of funding.

• Fundamental Errors in Published Works
  Authors who discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work must promptly notify the editor and cooperate in correcting or retracting the article.