Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of village fund capital participation on the development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMKam) and its impact on the economic improvement of the community in Wania District, Papua. It seeks to understand how financial support from village funds contributes to the sustainability of BUMKam operations and local economic growth. Research/methodology: The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach, using questionnaires, observation, and documentation as primary data collection methods. A purposive sampling technique was applied to gather responses from 13 individuals, including BUMKam administrators and affected community members. The analysis focuses on comparing pre- and post-capital injection conditions, emphasizing indicators such as enterprise development, job creation, and community welfare. Results: The findings show that capital participation from village funds has positively influenced the growth of BUMKam in Kampung Mawokauw Jaya and Kampung Nawaripi. It enabled the establishment of several productive units and provided job opportunities, contributing to increased local income and economic activity. However, challenges remain, particularly in financial reporting and management capacity among BUMKam administrators. Conclusions: While the injection of capital has facilitated enterprise growth and modest improvements in local welfare, the full potential of BUMKam is hindered by gaps in administrative skills and community engagement. Sustainable impact requires capacity building, transparent governance, and strategic support. Limitations: This study is limited by its small sample size (13 respondents), which may not fully represent the broader community perspective. Additionally, the analysis relies primarily on descriptive statistics and qualitative insights without employing inferential or longitudinal methods that could provide deeper causal understanding. Contribution: This study provides preliminary evidence of the positive impact of Village Fund capital participation on Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMKam) and the local economy, while offering practical insights for more effective village fund management.

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the development of human resources (HR) in improving employee performance productivity at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Papua Province. Research methodology: This research uses a mixed-method approach: quantitatively through questionnaires distributed to 45 respondents, and qualitatively through in-depth interviews with BPKAD employees. Data were analysed using simple linear regression and supported by SWOT analysis. Results: The study found that HR development significantly influences the improvement of employee performance productivity. The simple linear regression analysis showed that the HR development variable (X) contributed 73.5% to the regional financial performance variable (Y), with a significance value of <0.001. Qualitative data revealed that training and technical guidance are the primary HR development strategies, despite challenges such as budget constraints, limited access to training, and a lack of field-specific experts. Conclusions: Planned HR development supported by training and continuous evaluation improves employee efficiency and accountability. Strategic HR improvement should focus on optimising internal strengths and leveraging external opportunities in a collaborative and sustainable way. Limitations: The study is limited by the small sample size (45 respondents) and potential constraints in qualitative generalisation due to context-specific findings at BPKAD Papua Province. Contribution: This research contributes to the literature on public sector HR development by highlighting the measurable impact of HR strategies on performance outcomes and identifying actionable improvement areas through SWOT-based analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of the Family Hope Program (PKH) on alleviating extreme poverty in Mimika District. The main focus is to assess the effectiveness of government social assistance in reducing the number of extremely poor families using a panel data approach. Research methodology: Using panel data analysis methods through Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) models. The selection of the FE and RE models is based on the consideration that panel data allows for controlling unobserved heterogeneity between observation units. The Hausman test will be used to determine the most appropriate model between FE and RE. Data processing in this study was carried out using Eviews version 7.2. Results: Social assistance through PKH has a significant effect on reducing extreme poverty in Mimika District.The number of extremely poor families decreased from 3,709 families in 2022 to 2,691 families in 2024. Regression results indicate that every increase in PKH assistance contributes to a decrease in the number of extremely poor individuals.The program's effectiveness varies across districts, especially in remote areas with poor infrastructure. Conclusions: The Family Hope Program (PKH) has proven effective in helping to reduce extreme poverty in Mimika District. The conditional assistance provided through PKH has improved the welfare of beneficiary families, although its effectiveness differs across regions depending on infrastructure and access to basic services. Limitations: The variation in program effectiveness across districts indicates limitations in infrastructure and access to basic services (education and healthcare), which affect program success.This study does not deeply explore local social, cultural, and economic factors that may also influence program outcomes. Contribution: Provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of conditional social assistance (PKH) in reducing extreme poverty in underdeveloped regions. Offers policy recommendations for local governments to better allocate and optimize social assistance programs based on infrastructure conditions and access to public services in each district.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of School Operational Assistance (BOS) fund management at SMP Negeri 7 Mimika, focusing on four key components: planning, implementation, reporting, and supervision. Research/methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations involving the school principal, BOS treasurer, teachers, and school committee members. Secondary data were obtained from official documents, including the School Activity and Budget Plan (RKAS), BOS financial reports, and government technical guidelines. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the formula (Actual Score / Expected Score × 100%) to measure effectiveness, while qualitative analysis involved source triangulation to identify key challenges. Results: The findings indicate that the overall management of BOS funds at SMP Negeri 7 Mimika was classified as "very effective," with an effectiveness score of 84.13%. All four components were implemented in accordance with the relevant technical and administrative guidelines. However, challenges were noted in community involvement and the completeness of administrative documentation. Conclusions: The management of BOS funds at SMP Negeri 7 Mimika is considered very effective, with an overall score of 84.13%. All key components planning, implementation, reporting, and supervision were carried out in accordance with official guidelines. However, improvements are needed in community involvement and administrative documentation to further enhance transparency and accountability. Limitations: This study was limited to a single school and relied on stakeholder perceptions, which may not fully capture broader trends in BOS fund management across the region. In addition, the qualitative findings were based on a relatively small sample size. Contribution: This research provides practical insights into effective BOS fund management and highlights areas for improvement, contributing to policy refinement and increased transparency at the school level.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the perceptions of the community beneficiaries of the Health Insurance Program regarding the effectiveness of healthcare services in Mimika Regency. Research methodology: Results: The analysis results indicate that the success of the JKN-KIS PBI program provided by the regional government of Mimika Regency to the underprivileged is considered moderately effective. Conclusions: The study concludes that the Health Insurance Program (JKN-KIS PBI) implemented by the regional government of Mimika Regency is perceived by community beneficiaries as moderately effective. Although the program has reached its target demographic and generated some tangible improvements, there are notable gaps in areas such as program socialization, public understanding, and alignment with intended goals. Limitations: This study is limited by its exclusive focus on the effectiveness variable, without exploring other key dimensions such as service quality, accessibility, or satisfaction levels. Additionally, it relies solely on quantitative descriptive analysis, which may not capture the depth of individual experiences or contextual nuances in healthcare delivery. Contribution: his research contributes to the literature on public healthcare program evaluation by highlighting beneficiary perspectives on the effectiveness of regionally implemented insurance schemes. It offers valuable insights for policymakers in refining outreach strategies and improving the alignment of health insurance services with community needs in underserved regions.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the socio-philosophical significance of symmetry and asymmetry in shaping social structures and dynamics. Research methodology: A qualitative approach using philosophical analysis and comparative interpretation of classical and contemporary theories was employed. Results: The study finds that both symmetry (equality, justice, balance) and asymmetry (inequality, uniqueness, dynamism) coexist as fundamental forces in societal development, contributing to social cohesion and innovation. Conclusions: A harmonious balance between symmetry and asymmetry is essential for fostering sustainable social order, cultural inclusivity, and transformative progress. Limitations: The conceptual nature of the study limits its empirical generalizability; future research may incorporate data-driven validation. Contribution: This research offers a conceptual framework for understanding societal development through the dual lens of structural balance and dynamic change.

Purpose: This study explores the evolution of the concept of “Uzbek intelligentsia” across historical epochs from Jadidist reformism and Soviet ideological structuring to post-independence digital civic engagement. Research methodology: The research adopts a multi-layered qualitative method combining cultural-historical analysis, conceptual mapping, and critical discourse analysis using NVivo software. Results: The study identifies intelligentsia as a dynamic and adaptive identity shaped by socio-political transformations. Key conceptual nodes such as marifatchi and xalqparvarlik persist across time, highlighting continuity in moral-intellectual responsibility. Conclusions: The Uzbek intelligentsia is not a static class but a fluid identity dialectically formed through interactions with shifting historical conditions and evolving societal questions. Limitations: The study is limited to qualitative interpretation, lacking quantitative generalization of public perceptions across broader demographics. Contribution: This work offers a theoretical framework for analyzing intelligentsia as an ethical, socio-historical process bridging past traditions with present digital reform.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether work discipline and workload affect employee performance at the Andi Djemma Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) in North Luwu Regency. Research/methodology: This study used a quantitative method. The study was conducted at the Andi Djemma RPH, North Luwu Regency, from October to November 2023. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 participants. The collected data were tested using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS statistical software version 23 to examine the influence of the two independent variables on the dependent variable. Results: The results of the t-test show that the work discipline variable has a partial effect on employee performance at Andi Djemma RPH, North Luwu Regency, and the workload variable also has a partial effect on employee performance. The F-test results indicate that the calculated F-value is 38.376 > F-table, with a significance value of < 0.001 < 0.05, which means the result is statistically significant. This proves that work discipline and workload positively and significantly affect employee performance. Conclusions: The results suggest that strengthening tax knowledge and optimizing the accessibility and usability of digital platforms can enhance tax compliance among MSMEs. While perceived risk does not directly affect compliance, it may still play an indirect role through its interaction with other behavioral factors. Limitations: This study is limited to MSMEs in Palembang and uses self-reported data, which may introduce bias. Future research could expand to broader regions and include longitudinal data to better capture behavioral changes over time. Contribution: This study contributes to the literature by integrating behavioral and technological factors in understanding MSME tax compliance. It also offers practical insights for tax authorities to design targeted education and digitalization strategies to increase voluntary compliance.

Purpose: This study examines the role of the social state in enhancing civic responsibility within the framework of social state theory. It highlights how the state safeguards citizens’ rights while fostering moral, spiritual, and social obligations necessary for active civic engagement Methodology/approach: A qualitative descriptive approach is applied through document analysis of scholarly literature, legislative frameworks, and policy reports. Comparative analysis is used to explore how different social state models contribute to strengthening civic responsibility. Results/findings: The findings show that a social state significantly promotes civic responsibility by ensuring social protection, equal educational opportunities, family upbringing support, and avenues for political engagement. It establishes reciprocal obligations between state and citizens, fostering social stability and shared ethical values. Conclutions: The social state is not limited to enforcing legal compliance but plays a key role in cultivating civic awareness and encouraging participation in societal development. Its effective implementation enhances civil society, protects fundamental rights, and supports collective responsibility. Limitations: This study is theoretical, lacking empirical validation through field research or case studies, which may limit its generalizability. Contribution: This article enriches political and social theory by clarifying the functional importance of the social state in advancing civic responsibility and offering conceptual insights for policy development in modern governance.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the dangerous manifestations of corruption in state and public governance, identify its primary forms, and explore mechanisms for prevention and control based on international best practices. Research Methodology: The research employs synergistic, dialectical, analytical, and comparative methods, alongside generalization, synthesis, and retrospective analysis, to classify corruption types and evaluate their socio-economic impacts. Results: Findings reveal that corruption manifests prominently through state capture, business capture, bribery, patronage networks, and lobbying. Bribery, as both an economic incentive and a means of cost reduction, is identified as one of the most pervasive and damaging practices, undermining institutional trust, eroding legality, and fostering negative economic selection mechanisms. Preventive measures such as integrity standards in public service and competitive remuneration are found to mitigate risks effectively. Conclusion: Corruption operates as both a structural and behavioral phenomenon that distorts governance, weakens legal frameworks, and promotes inequity. Combating it requires systemic reforms, enhanced transparency, societal oversight, and the institutionalization of integrity norms. Limitations: The study focuses primarily on theoretical analysis and classification, with limited empirical validation from case-specific data. Contribution: This research enriches the academic discourse on corruption by integrating a classification framework with socio-economic impact assessment, offering policy-relevant insights for anti-corruption strategies in governance systems.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the role of trade unions in enhancing women’s social activism in Uzbekistan, especially within the context of the “New Uzbekistan” development reforms. The focus is on initiatives that promote women's empowerment, employment, and crime prevention through targeted interventions. Research Methodology: The research employs a qualitative-descriptive method using historical-legal, empirical, and statistical analysis. Data were collected from government decrees, official reports, local surveys, and public hearing outcomes in Bukhara region. Results: The study finds that trade unions significantly contributed to resolving the issues of over 3.5 million women nationwide through employment facilitation, micro-loans, social protection, and entrepreneurship support. In Bukhara alone, over 209,000 women benefited from various union-supported programs. The case of a local woman who transitioned from unemployment to a successful business owner illustrates the transformational impact Conclusion: Trade unions have proven to be a vital institutional force in advancing women’s rights, human dignity, and economic participation. Their public oversight role ensures sustainable empowerment at the grassroots level. Limitations: The study is region-specific (Bukhara) and primarily descriptive, lacking comparative or longitudinal analysis across other regions or countries.. Contribution: This article enriches the discourse on gender, labor rights, and civil society by highlighting trade unions as a platform for systemic social change and localized empowerment of women.

Purpose: This study explores the historical significance of the senatorial inspection led by Count K.K. Palen in Turkestan during 1908–1909. It aims to understand the political, economic, and cultural dynamics of the region under Russian colonial rule and assess how these reports shaped historiography on early 20th-century Central Asia. Research methodology: The research applies a qualitative historical approach through textual and historiographical analysis of Palen’s inspection reports, official records, and contemporary publications. Comparative evaluation was conducted to interpret the collected data in the context of colonial administration and regional transformation. Results: The findings reveal that the inspection exposed widespread corruption and maladministration while simultaneously producing reliable empirical data, including the only comprehensive household survey of dehkan farms in Turkestan before 1917. The reports provide valuable insights into land use, governance structures, and socio-economic changes driven by Russia’s expansionist policies. Conclusions: Palen’s reports serve as a fundamental source for reconstructing the realities of colonial Turkestan. They illustrate the duality of Russia’s civilizing mission and the exploitation of resources, offering both critical evidence of systemic flaws and documentation of modernization processes. Limitations: The inspection materials, while rich, reflect the perspectives of Russian officials and may underrepresent indigenous voices and experiences. Contribution: This study contributes to Central Asian historiography by positioning Palen’s inspection as a unique and comprehensive documentary source for analyzing governance, economic practices, and colonial discourse.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the psychological factors that influence the development of social-emotional competencies in primary school children, emphasizing the role of empathy, self-regulation, cooperation, decision-making, and social responsibility in shaping personal growth and adaptability. Research Methodology: A qualitative and descriptive design was employed using questionnaires, interviews, observations, reflection diaries, and role-play tasks. The methods were applied to evaluate how family environment, school context, and teacher-student interactions affect children’s emotional-volitional qualities and social skills. Results: Findings demonstrate that social-emotional competencies form an integrated system rather than isolated abilities. Children with stronger empathy and self-regulation exhibit better cooperation and decision-making, leading to higher academic success and resilience. Environmental determinants—family support, classroom climate, and peer relations—emerged as decisive factors for strengthening these competencies. Structured interventions such as emotional literacy training and cooperative learning tasks were found to significantly enhance self-awareness, emotional control, and interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: The development of social-emotional competencies is central to holistic child development. Schools, families, and psychological services must collaborate to systematically integrate social-emotional learning into educational practice, ensuring sustainable academic and personal outcomes. Limitations: The study mainly focuses on psychological and educational settings in primary schools, without large-scale quantitative validation across broader populations. Contribution: This research contributes to educational psychology by providing practical recommendations for integrating social-emotional learning strategies, offering insights for teachers, parents, and policymakers to foster resilience and life skills in children.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the lexical features of anthroponyms, focusing on their relationship with household vocabulary and their significance within the broader linguistic system. By examining how personal names are formed, used, and adapted across cultures, the research highlights their semantic, cultural, and pragmatic roles in society. Research methodology: The research applies a descriptive linguistic approach, analyzing theoretical perspectives from Uzbek and English onomastic scholarship. Comparative analysis of anthroponymic systems is conducted using linguistic, ethnographic, and pragmatic frameworks to reveal both universal and culturally specific naming practices. Results: Findings indicate that anthroponyms, beyond their primary naming function, encapsulate historical, cultural, and linguistic information. The study shows that naming customs reflect socio-economic conditions, spiritual beliefs, and cultural integration. Comparative insights reveal similarities in the role of names as markers of identity, while highlighting differences in legal regulation and cultural traditions between Uzbek and English contexts. Conclusions: The research concludes that anthroponyms are not merely identifiers but integral components of cultural identity and social interaction. Their analysis provides deeper understanding of the dynamics between language, culture, and society. Limitations: The study is primarily theoretical and descriptive, with limited empirical data. Broader cross-linguistic and ethnographic studies would strengthen the findings. Contribution: This work contributes to the fields of lexicology, onomastics, and linguopragmatics by emphasizing the role of anthroponyms as cultural and linguistic units that bridge personal identity and collective heritage.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the psychological mechanisms that enhance women’s social engagement within the framework of the New Uzbekistan reforms. It particularly focuses on factors such as self-efficacy, emotional regulation, recognition, leadership, and social support, which empower women to actively participate in social, economic, and political life. Research Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach by synthesizing policy reviews, theoretical perspectives, and relevant empirical studies on women’s empowerment and civic participation in Uzbekistan. Data were collected from scholarly publications, governmental reports, and reform policy documents, followed by thematic analysis to identify core psychological and institutional factors. Results: The findings reveal that institutional reforms in Uzbekistan have created favorable conditions for gender equality and civic involvement. Within this context, psychological mechanisms such as self-efficacy, resilience, and leadership capacity help women strengthen motivation, regulate emotions, and sustain active participation. The interaction between supportive institutions and psychological resources significantly contributes to enhancing women’s adaptability and social influence. Conclusions: Women’s empowerment in New Uzbekistan is shaped not only by reforms and institutional frameworks but also by psychological processes that build resilience and leadership. Inclusive pedagogical and policy approaches that acknowledge women’s psychological strengths can accelerate social transformation and gender equality. Limitations: The study is primarily conceptual and relies on secondary data, which may limit generalizability and the ability to capture individual lived experiences. Contribution: This study shows how reforms and psychological resources foster women’s empowerment and civic participation, guiding effective strategies for development.