Sustainable resort-related tourism growth: Identifying challenges and opportunities in Montalban, Rizal

https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v4i1.1499
Published: Aug 22, 2023

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to identify the challenges and opportunities related to sustainable resort-related tourism growth in Montalban, Rizal, and the Philippines.

Research Methodology: This study collected data from resort managers/operators and employees in Montalban using thematic analysis. The data were analyzed using systems theory to identify the interconnection of the economic, social, and environmental components of sustainable resort development.

Results: The study found that resorts in Montalban are commercially viable, but environmental and social sustainability has been compromised since their founding and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The overexploitation of natural resources by resorts has led to concerns about groundwater level and water quality, while employees are subjected to precarious work and low income.

Limitations: This study was limited by the sample size of the resorts in Montalban.

Contributions: This study contributes to the current knowledge of sustainable resort-related tourism growth in rural destinations, particularly tourism destinations in the Philippines. This research seeks to educate policymakers, other tourism stakeholders, and local tourism communities on the need to shift their focus to more sustainable development.

Novelty: This study pioneers the investigation of sustainability in resort-related tourism growth in the Philippines using the case of Montalban Rizal and the use of the system model in the qualitative study of sustainability in tourism destinations.

Keywords:
1. Sustainable tourism
2. Resort-related tourism
3. Rural tourism
4. Tourism growth
Authors:
Theresa Anne Nadine B. Lichauco
De La Salle University - Dasmari˜nas, Philippines
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How to Cite
Lichauco, T. A. N. B. (2023). Sustainable resort-related tourism growth: Identifying challenges and opportunities in Montalban, Rizal. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v4i1.1499
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Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): September
Articles
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References

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    Bautista, O. (2021). KNOW THE DIFFERENCE: ECQ, MECQ, GCQ, MGCQ, Sectors Allowed to Operate, and Other Implemented Measures. Retrieved from https://www.bria.com.ph/articles/difference-ecq-mecq-gcq-mgcq/

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    BGS. (n.d.). Philippines Groundwater Outlook (PhiGO). Retrieved from https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/philippine-groundwater-outlook/

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    de Campos Jr., J. (2017). The Triple Bottom Line and the Systemic Approach. University of São Paulo. Researchgate. doi:https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17357.33764

    DOT. (n.d.). HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES GOVERNING THE OPERATIONS OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS UNDER THE NEW NORMAL. Retrieved from http://tourism.gov.ph/healthandsafetyguidelinesnewnormal.aspx

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    Elkington, J. (2007). Cannibals with Forks, the Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Oxford: Capstone Publishing.

    Franklin III, A. B. (1937). A Study of the Origins of the Legend of Bernardo del Carpio . Hispanic Review, 5(4), 286-303. doi:10.2307/469961

    Galletta, Anne. 2013. Mastering the Semi-Structured Interview and Beyond: From Research Design to Analysis and Publication. New York: New York University.

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    Hangdaan, K. F. C., Bustillo, M. J. T., Villamor, M. H. C., & Mandigma Jr, E. C. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility of Resorts: A Case of Pansol, Laguna, Philippines. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(2).

    Idziak, W., Majewski, J., & Piotr . (2015). Community participation in sustainable rural tourism experience creation: a long-term appraisal and lessons from a thematic villages project in Poland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1341-1362.

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    Luo, H., Zeng, Y., Cheng, Y., He, D., & Pan, X. (2020). Recent advances in municipal landfill leachate: A review focusing on its characteristics, treatment, and toxicity assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 703, 135468.

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    Martin, S., Brannigan, J., & Hall, A. (2007). Sustainability, Systems Thinking and Professional Practice. Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 29(1), 79-89.

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    Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region IV Calabarzon. 2019. MGB IV Conducts a Groundwater Resource Assessment in the Municipalities of Santo Tomas and Malvar, Batangas. Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

    Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region IV Calabarzon. 2019. MGB IV Conducts Groundwater Resource Assessment and Mapping in Cuenca, Tanauan, and Lipa, Batangas. Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

    Mukherjee, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Hashim, M. A., & Sen Gupta, B. (2015). Contemporary environmental issues of landfill leachate: assessment and remedies. Critical reviews in environmental science and technology, 45(5), 472-590.

    Nasir, & Ahsan. (2020, June). Coronavirus pandemic and its impacts on the world’s economy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE), 1(4). https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i4.501

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    Official Gazette. 2015. Government to public: Report illegal deep wells. September 24. https://mirror.officialgazette.gov.ph/2015/09/24/denr-report-illegal-deep-wells/.

    Okech, J. B., Okello, J. O., & Owuor, C. O. (2022). Stakeholder synergy for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3(1), 1-16. doi:10.35912/joste.v3i1.1236

    Ong, L. T. J., Storey, D., & Minnery, J. (2011). Beyond the beach: Balancing environmental and socio-cultural sustainability in Boracay, the Philippines. Tourism Geographies, 13(4), 549-569.

    Opp, S. (2016). The forgotten pillar: a definition for the measurement of social sustainability in American cities. The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability.

    Pathiraja, H. P. P. M., Karunarathne, A. C. I. D., Harshani, G. H. V., & Jayawardena. (2021, December). Revival of Sri Lankan Wildlife Tourism Operation in New Normal Conditions of Covid -19: Challenges and Readiness . Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v3i2.1353

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    Yungib ng Pamitinan [Historical Marker]. (1996, July 17). Rodriguez, Rizal, Philippines.

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  2. Bautista, O. (2021). KNOW THE DIFFERENCE: ECQ, MECQ, GCQ, MGCQ, Sectors Allowed to Operate, and Other Implemented Measures. Retrieved from https://www.bria.com.ph/articles/difference-ecq-mecq-gcq-mgcq/
  3. Bayan ng Rodriguez [Historical Marker]. (2016). Rodriguez, Rizal.
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  8. Cruz, R. G., & Legaspi, G. F. A. (2019). Boracay beach closure: The role of the government and the private sector. Overtourism: Issues, realities and solutions, 95-110.
  9. CNN Philippines Staff. (2020, November 13). Over 25,000 families in Rizal evacuated due to Ulysses . Retrieved from CNN Philippines: https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/11/13/UlyssesPH-Rizal.html
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  11. DOT. (n.d.). HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES GOVERNING THE OPERATIONS OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS UNDER THE NEW NORMAL. Retrieved from http://tourism.gov.ph/healthandsafetyguidelinesnewnormal.aspx
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  14. Franklin III, A. B. (1937). A Study of the Origins of the Legend of Bernardo del Carpio . Hispanic Review, 5(4), 286-303. doi:10.2307/469961
  15. Galletta, Anne. 2013. Mastering the Semi-Structured Interview and Beyond: From Research Design to Analysis and Publication. New York: New York University.
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  17. Hangdaan, K. F. C., Bustillo, M. J. T., Villamor, M. H. C., & Mandigma Jr, E. C. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility of Resorts: A Case of Pansol, Laguna, Philippines. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(2).
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  23. Luo, H., Zeng, Y., Cheng, Y., He, D., & Pan, X. (2020). Recent advances in municipal landfill leachate: A review focusing on its characteristics, treatment, and toxicity assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 703, 135468.
  24. Manalo, J. J. (2017). Relevance of sustainable tourism in the Philippines: Case of Boracay Island and Puerto Princesa City. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 4(1), 3558-3562.
  25. Martin, S., Brannigan, J., & Hall, A. (2007). Sustainability, Systems Thinking and Professional Practice. Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 29(1), 79-89.
  26. McAreavey, R., & McDonagh, J. (2011). Sustainable Rural Tourism: Lessons for Rural Development. Journal of the European Society for Rural Sociology, 51(2), 175-194.
  27. Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region IV Calabarzon. 2021. Groundwater Resource and Vulnerability Assessments in Pila Watershed. Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
  28. Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region IV Calabarzon. 2019. MGB IV Conducts a Groundwater Resource Assessment in the Municipalities of Santo Tomas and Malvar, Batangas. Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
  29. Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region IV Calabarzon. 2019. MGB IV Conducts Groundwater Resource Assessment and Mapping in Cuenca, Tanauan, and Lipa, Batangas. Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
  30. Mukherjee, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Hashim, M. A., & Sen Gupta, B. (2015). Contemporary environmental issues of landfill leachate: assessment and remedies. Critical reviews in environmental science and technology, 45(5), 472-590.
  31. Nasir, & Ahsan. (2020, June). Coronavirus pandemic and its impacts on the world’s economy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE), 1(4). https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i4.501
  32. National Historical Commission of the Philippines [NHCP]. (1996, June 21). Resolution No. 02, S. 1996 – Declaring Pamitinan Cave in Sitio Wawa, San Rafael, Rodriguez (Formerly Montalban), Rizal as a National Historic Site. Resolution No. 02, S. 1996 – Declaring Pamitinan Cave in Sitio Wawa, San Rafael, Rodriguez (Formerly Montalban), Rizal as a National Historic Site. Retrieved from National Historical Commission of the Philippines .
  33. Noja, G., Cristea, S., Yuksel, A., Panzaru, C., & Dracea, R. (2018). Migrants' Role in Enhancing the Economic Development of Host Countries: Empirical Evidence from Europe. Sustainability, 1-32.
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  36. Ong, L. T. J., Storey, D., & Minnery, J. (2011). Beyond the beach: Balancing environmental and socio-cultural sustainability in Boracay, the Philippines. Tourism Geographies, 13(4), 549-569.
  37. Opp, S. (2016). The forgotten pillar: a definition for the measurement of social sustainability in American cities. The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability.
  38. Pathiraja, H. P. P. M., Karunarathne, A. C. I. D., Harshani, G. H. V., & Jayawardena. (2021, December). Revival of Sri Lankan Wildlife Tourism Operation in New Normal Conditions of Covid -19: Challenges and Readiness . Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v3i2.1353
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  45. Sawitri, Eltivia, & Riwajanti. (2021, June). Forecasting the number of foreign tourists visitingIndonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE), 2(4). https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i4.945
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  50. Terminski, B. (2013). Development-induced displacement and resettlement: theoretical frameworks and current challenges. Geneva.
  51. Tiwari, D. K., Jha, B., Kundu, B., Gahalaut, V. K., & Vissa, N. K. (2021). Groundwater extraction-induced seismicity around Delhi region, India. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 10097.
  52. Trousdale, W. J. (2001). Appropriate tourism impact assessment: a case study of Kaniki Point Resort, Palawan, Philippines. Smith, Valene L. & Brent Maryann (2001) Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st century. Cognizant Communication, USA.
  53. Vallance, S., Perkins, H. C., & Dixon, J. E. (2011). What is social sustainability? A clarification of concepts. Geoforum, 42(3), 342-348.
  54. Vizconde, A. M. L., & Felicen, S. S. (2012). Tourism Industry of Batangas Province, Philippines: Basis for Improved Tourism Program. International Association of Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(1), 317-334.
  55. Watson, S., & Watson, W. (2011). Critical, Emancipatory, and Pluralistic Research for Education: A Review of Critical Systems Theory. Journal of Thought.
  56. Wetzler, N., Shalev, E., Göbel, T., Amelung, F., Kurzon, I., Lyakhovsky, V., & Brodsky, E. E. (2019). Earthquake swarms triggered by groundwater extraction near the Dead Sea Fault. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(14), 8056-8063.
  57. Yahaya , Montiliat, & Salahudeen. (2020, September). The impact of Covid-19lockdown on socio-economic activities in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE), 2(1). https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i1.547
  58. Yungib ng Pamitinan [Historical Marker]. (1996, July 17). Rodriguez, Rizal, Philippines.