Emotional Resilience and Employee Performance of Commercial Banks in South-East Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v2i2.1352
Published: Dec 16, 2022

Abstract:

Purpose: This study examined emotional resilience and performance in commercial banks in South-East Nigeria as the broad objective and specifically examined the extent employee emotional literacy influence performance in commercial banks in South-East Nigeria.

Research Methodology: A survey research design was chosen for the study. The population of the study consisted of 250 staff of 5 selected commercial banks in the studied area. The sample size used, as arrived by the use of Krejcie and Morgan sample size formula was 152. The instrument used for data collection was a Likert-structured questionnaire, which was subjected to both validity and reliability test. The data collected were analyzed through the use of a simple regression technique, and the hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance.

Result: The result revealed that the correlation coefficient as represented by R is .915, signifying a 92% relationship between the variables while R-Square which represented the coefficient of the determination indicates that an 84% change in the performance of employees is accounted for by changes in employee emotional literacy.

Limitation: The inferral powers of this study may be questioned as only a region in Nigeria was examined.

Contribution: All the studies looked at empirically did not take cognizance of employee emotional literacy as a measure of employee resilience and none of the studies was carried out in southeast, Nigeria, hence, making this work fill an important gap that served as a contribution.

Novelty: This study recognized that emotional literacy could be used to measure employee resilience and thus, represents something new within the context of the research area.

Keywords:
1. Emotional Resilience
2. Employee Emotional Literacy
3. Performance
4. Commercial Banks
5. South-East Nigeria
Authors:
1 . Onyekwelu Njideka Phina
Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
2 . Okeke Anene Patrick
Faculty of Management Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
3 . Chikelue Nwabuike
Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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How to Cite
Phina, O. N., Patrick, O. A. ., & Nwabuike, C. (2022). Emotional Resilience and Employee Performance of Commercial Banks in South-East Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v2i2.1352
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Issue & Section
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): September
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

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    Bardoel, E. A., Pettit, T. M., De Cieri, H., & McMillan, L. (2014). Employee resilience: An emerging challenge for HRM. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(3), 279-297.

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    Ebuka, A. A., Ngozi, N. H., Obianuju, C., & Peace, N. N. (2022). Job Crafting, a brain drain antidote in Public Universities in Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 1-13.

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    Morrison, T. (2007). Emotional intelligence, emotion and social work: Context, characteristics, complications and contribution. The British Journal of Social Work, 37(2), 245-263.

    Motowidlo, S. J., Borman, W. C., & Schmit, M. J. (2014). A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance Oraganizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance (pp. 71-83): Psychology Press.

    Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological bulletin, 126(2), 247.

    Netemeyer, R. G., Brashear-Alejandro, T., & Boles, J. S. (2004). A cross-national model of job-related outcomes of work role and family role variables: A retail sales context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(1), 49-60.

    Nygren, B., Aléx, L., Jonsén, E., Gustafson, Y., Norberg, A., & Lundman, B. (2005). Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old. Aging & mental health, 9(4), 354-362.

    Palmer, S., Cooper, C., & Thomas, K. (2003). Revised model of organisational stress for use within stress prevention/management and wellbeing programmes—Brief update. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 41(2), 57-58.

    Putra, Y. S., & Istiyani, A. (2022). Developing organizational resilience with the mediating role of leader–Member exchange. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 59-69.

    Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316-331.

    Schwager, S., & Rothermund, K. (2013). Counter-regulation triggered by emotions: Positive/negative affective states elicit opposite valence biases in affective processing. Cognition & Emotion, 27(5), 839-855.

    Shin, J., Taylor, M. S., & Seo, M.-G. (2012). Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 727-748.

    Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meanings: Wiley-Interscience.

    Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of personality and social psychology, 86(2), 320.

    Ulabor, E. A., & Bosede, A. I. (2019). Employee commitment and organizational performance in selected fast food outlets in Osun State. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1), 23-37.

    Waldman, D. A., & Spangler, W. D. (1989). Putting together the pieces: A closer look at the determinants of job performance. Human Performance, 2(1), 29-59.

    Wang, E., Klein, G., & Jiang, J. J. (2007). IT support in manufacturing firms for a knowledge management dynamic capability link to performance. International journal of production research, 45(11), 2419-2434.

    Wang, J., Cooke, F. L., & Huang, W. (2014). How resilient is the (future) workforce in C hina? A study of the banking sector and implications for human resource development. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(2), 132-154.

    Waugh, C. E., Wager, T. D., Fredrickson, B. L., Noll, D. C., & Taylor, S. F. (2008). The neural correlates of trait resilience when anticipating and recovering from threat. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 3(4), 322-332.

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    Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal of management, 33(5), 774-800.

  1. Armstrong , M. (2009). A handbook of human resource management practice (11th ed.): Koran Page.
  2. Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Human resource management, 48(5), 677-693.
  3. Bardoel, E. A., Pettit, T. M., De Cieri, H., & McMillan, L. (2014). Employee resilience: An emerging challenge for HRM. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(3), 279-297.
  4. Campbell, J. P., McCloy, R. A., Oppler, S. H., & Sager, C. E. (1993). A Theory of Performance. In: Schmitt, N. and Borman, W.C., Eds., Personnel Selection in Organizations, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 3570.
  5. Campbell, J. P., McHenry, J. J., & Wise, L. L. (1990). Modeling job performance in a population of jobs. Personnel psychology, 43(2), 313-575.
  6. Campbell, R., Kyriakides, L., Muijs, R., & Robinson, W. (2003). Differential teacher effectiveness: Towards a model for research and teacher appraisal. Oxford Review of Education, 29(3), 347-362.
  7. Cooper, R. K. (1997). Applying emotional intelligence in the workplace. Training & development, 51(12), 31-39.
  8. Ebuka, A. A., Ngozi, N. H., Obianuju, C., & Peace, N. N. (2022). Job Crafting, a brain drain antidote in Public Universities in Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 1-13.
  9. Ebuka, A. A., Nzewi, H. N., Gerald, E., & Ezinne, K. M. (2020). Digital literacy in a post Coronavirus era: a management perspective for small businesses in Africa. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 1(3), 203-212.
  10. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American psychologist, 56(3), 218.
  11. Freire, C., Ferradás, M. d. M., Núñez, J. C., Valle, A., & Vallejo, G. (2019). Eudaimonic well-being and coping with stress in university students: The mediating/moderating role of self-efficacy. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(1), 48.
  12. Goleman, D. (1996). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  13. Gross, J. J. (2015). Handbook of Emotion Regulation: Guilford Publications.
  14. Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested?self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied psychology, 50(3), 337-421.
  15. Hunter, L. W., & Katz, H. C. (2012). The impact of globalization on human resource management and employment relations in the US automobile and banking industries. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(10), 1983-1998.
  16. Judah, A. M., Mohse, A., Elsetouhi, A. M., Ahmed, M., & Hriday, N. M. (2019). The Relationship between Psychological Resilience and Psychological Well-being (An Empirical Study On banks’ employees in Mansoura). Scientific Journal of Trade and Finance, 39(1), 1-20.
  17. Kalisch, R., Baker, D. G., Basten, U., Boks, M. P., Bonanno, G. A., Brummelman, E., . . . Galatzer-Levy, I. (2017). The resilience framework as a strategy to combat stress-related disorders. Nature human behaviour, 1(11), 784-790.
  18. Kappagoda, U., Othman, H., Fithri, Z., & De Alwis, W. (2014). The impact of psychological capital on job performance in the banking sector in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 3(5).
  19. Komakech, E., Obici, G., & Mwesigwa, D. (2021). Efficacy of inspirational motivation on the performance of public health workers in mid-north of Uganda. Annals of Human Resource Management Research (AHRMR), 1(2), 85-97.
  20. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  21. Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of applied psychology, 81(2), 123.
  22. Liu, Y. (2018). Organizational culture, employee resilience and performance in the international banking industry. Birkbeck, University of London.
  23. Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of organizational behavior: The international journal of industrial, occupational and organizational psychology and behavior, 23(6), 695-706.
  24. Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., & Peterson, S. J. (2010). The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital. Human resource development quarterly, 21(1), 41-67.
  25. Masten, A. S. (2009). Ordinary magic: Lessons from research on resilience in human development. Education Canada, 49(3), 28-32.
  26. McQuerrey, L. (2018). What Are the Key Performance Indicators for Employee Job Appraisal? Retrieved from https://work.chron.com/key-performance-indicators-employee-job-appraisal-21592.html
  27. Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of applied psychology, 89(6), 991.
  28. Moorhead, G., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Organizational Behaviour: Managing People and Organization. Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House.
  29. Morrison, T. (2007). Emotional intelligence, emotion and social work: Context, characteristics, complications and contribution. The British Journal of Social Work, 37(2), 245-263.
  30. Motowidlo, S. J., Borman, W. C., & Schmit, M. J. (2014). A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance Oraganizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance (pp. 71-83): Psychology Press.
  31. Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological bulletin, 126(2), 247.
  32. Netemeyer, R. G., Brashear-Alejandro, T., & Boles, J. S. (2004). A cross-national model of job-related outcomes of work role and family role variables: A retail sales context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(1), 49-60.
  33. Nygren, B., Aléx, L., Jonsén, E., Gustafson, Y., Norberg, A., & Lundman, B. (2005). Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old. Aging & mental health, 9(4), 354-362.
  34. Palmer, S., Cooper, C., & Thomas, K. (2003). Revised model of organisational stress for use within stress prevention/management and wellbeing programmes—Brief update. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 41(2), 57-58.
  35. Putra, Y. S., & Istiyani, A. (2022). Developing organizational resilience with the mediating role of leader–Member exchange. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 59-69.
  36. Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316-331.
  37. Schwager, S., & Rothermund, K. (2013). Counter-regulation triggered by emotions: Positive/negative affective states elicit opposite valence biases in affective processing. Cognition & Emotion, 27(5), 839-855.
  38. Shin, J., Taylor, M. S., & Seo, M.-G. (2012). Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 727-748.
  39. Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meanings: Wiley-Interscience.
  40. Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of personality and social psychology, 86(2), 320.
  41. Ulabor, E. A., & Bosede, A. I. (2019). Employee commitment and organizational performance in selected fast food outlets in Osun State. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1), 23-37.
  42. Waldman, D. A., & Spangler, W. D. (1989). Putting together the pieces: A closer look at the determinants of job performance. Human Performance, 2(1), 29-59.
  43. Wang, E., Klein, G., & Jiang, J. J. (2007). IT support in manufacturing firms for a knowledge management dynamic capability link to performance. International journal of production research, 45(11), 2419-2434.
  44. Wang, J., Cooke, F. L., & Huang, W. (2014). How resilient is the (future) workforce in C hina? A study of the banking sector and implications for human resource development. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(2), 132-154.
  45. Waugh, C. E., Wager, T. D., Fredrickson, B. L., Noll, D. C., & Taylor, S. F. (2008). The neural correlates of trait resilience when anticipating and recovering from threat. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 3(4), 322-332.
  46. Wheaton, B. (1983). Stress, personal coping resources, and psychiatric symptoms: An investigation of interactive models. Journal of Health and Social behavior, 208-229.
  47. Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal of management, 33(5), 774-800.