Motivation through indirect compensation: Evaluating employee performance in Enugu State Civil Service Commission

https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v4i2.2320
Published: Sep 12, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: This study evaluates the impact of indirect compensation on employee job performance by the Enugu State Civil Service Commission.

Research Methodology: This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design with a population of 280 participants, comprising staff from the Administration, Planning and Budgeting, and Research & Statistics Units, spanning grade levels 2-16 within the Enugu State Civil Service Commission. Data were collected using a questionnaire as the primary tool and rigorously analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.

Results: The findings revealed a significant positive impact of indirect compensation metrics on employee performance of the Enugu State Civil Service Commission.

Limitations: The study specifically targeted personnel within grade levels 2-16 of the Enugu State Civil Service Commission.

Contribution: This research significantly advances our understanding of indirect compensation and its impact on employee performance by pioneering new concepts, refining existing theories, and conducting comprehensive empirical studies.

Funding: This research did not receive any funding from any Agency or Organization.

Keywords:
1. Indirect Compensation
2. Employee Performance
3. Health Insurance
4. Retirement Benefits
Authors:
1 . Michael Ikenna Udodiugwu
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria
2 . Chibuzo Charles Nwosu
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria
3 . Ugochukwu Jude Obiakor
Federal Polytechnic Oko, Nigeria
4 . Uchenna Juliana Nwumeh
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria
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How to Cite
Udodiugwu, M. I., Nwosu, C. C., Obiakor, U. J., & Nwumeh, U. J. (2024). Motivation through indirect compensation: Evaluating employee performance in Enugu State Civil Service Commission. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(2), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v4i2.2320
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Issue & Section
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): September
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

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    Egbewole, I. K., Olusesi, L. D., & Abdulazeez, A. O. (2021). Compensation Management And Employees’ Job Satisfaction Among Staff Of Central Bank Of Nigeria, Lagos. Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, 21(1), 95-109.

    Ekwochi, E., Nwudugbo, P., & Okoene, C. (2018). The impact of fringe benefits on employee? s job performance in United Bank of Africa (Uba) Plc. IAA Journal of Scientific Research, 4(1), 34-62.

    Emmanuel, O. O. (2021). The dynamics of work environment and its impact on organizational objectives. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 145-158.

    Fabusoro, E., Awotunde, J. A., Sodiya, C., & Alarima, C. (2008). Status of job motivation and job performance of field level extension agents in Ogun State: implications for agricultural development. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 14(2), 139-152.

    Fapohunda, T. (2013). The pension system and retirement planning in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 25-34.

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    Musah, S., Xinying, J., & Korankye, B. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Compensation on Performance of Employees: A Case Study of AngloGold Ashanti Obuasi, Ghana. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 5(4), 216-225.

    Mwosi, F., Eton, M., Olupot, S. P., & Ogwel, B. P. (2024). Employee retention and organizational performance in Kabale District Local Government, Uganda. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 6(1), 1-12.

    Nayoan, S., Aurel AS, G., Caleen, E., Hartanto, D., Freshka Z, W., & Pratminingsih, S. A. (2021). The effects of workload, incentives and motivation on Gojek driver job satisfaction in Bandung City.

    Novakovic, R. (2024). 9 Employee Bonus Ideas and How to Use Them Effectively.

    Nson, Y. D. (2024). Sustainability of the society through green human resources management practices: A proposed model. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(1), 43-59.

    Obikwelu, C. L., & Nwasor, V. C. (2017). Perceived influence of remuneration on teacher motivation in Anambra state secondary schools. Journal of the Nigerian Academy of Education Vol, 13(1), 147.

    Ohide, A. D. F., & Mbogo, R. W. (2017). Impact of working conditions on teacher’s job satisfaction and performance in the private primary schools in Yei Town, South Sudan. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies, 8(1), 122-129.

    Onuorah, A.N., & Nwene, A. N. (2019). Reward management and employee performance in selected local governments in Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Management Fields, 3(6), 1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.26808/rs.rmf.v3i6.01.

    Onuzulike, N., Okafor, N., & Nwankwo, C. (2022). PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATION ON EMPLOYEES’PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 1-12.

    Owota, F., & Elliot, S. (2022). Conditions of service and employees’ job performance among civil servants in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 10(2), 79-88.

    Pervin, M. T., & Zohora, F. T. (2023). The impact of training and development facilities on job commitment among entry-level employees: Bangladeshi RMG perspectives. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 5(1), 49-60.

    Phina, O. N., Patrick, O. A., & Nwabuike, C. (2022). Emotional Resilience and Employee Performance of Commercial Banks in South-East Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 105-115.

    Pradhan, R. K., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee performance at workplace: Conceptual model and empirical validation. Business perspectives and research, 5(1), 69-85.

    Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of applied psychology, 85(4), 612.

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    Söderbom, M., & Teal, F. (2002). The performance of Nigerian manufacturing firms: report on the Nigerian manufacturing enterprise survey 2001: Centre for the Study of African Economies Oxford.

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    Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2021). Teacher job satisfaction: the importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. Educational review, 73(1), 71-97.

    Udodiugwu, M. I. (2024). Management of stress among state universities’ lecturers for improved performance: A quantitative approach. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(1), 61-77.

    Uzoigwe, C. (1997). Retirement management without tears: Creating more retirement awareness. Owerri: Esther Thompson Publishing Company.

    Yamin, M. N. (2019). Position promotion and employee performance in the regional secretariat of Makassar city. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Administrasi Publik, 9(2), 327-334.

    Zirra, C. T. O., Mambula, C., & Anyatonwu, P. (2019). Impact of fringe benefits on employee performance: A study of Nasco Group, Jos Plateau State. International journal of education and social science, 6(1), 25-33.

    Zulkiflee, A., Syafiq, A., Halimi, M., Reza, M., & Dzarr, A. (2021). Fringe Benefit and Job Satisfaction in SME: An Empirical Experience among SMES in Selangor. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development, 6(6), 277-290.

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  2. Abrigo, J. N. F., Abrogena, A. A. A., Alcantara, D. R. E., De Gracia, N. A. V., Juliano, A. C., & Ador, Z. I. (2024). A narrative research of experiences of STEM teachers pursuing doctoral degree. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 153-168.
  3. Adula, M., Kant, S., & Birbirsa, Z. A. (2022). Systematic Literature Review on Human Resource Management Effect on Organization Performance. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 131-146.
  4. Agbo, U. M., & Okeoma, E. M. (2022). IMPACT OF FRINGE BENEFIT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WORKERS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: A STUDY OF TOP RANK HOTELS AND NIKE LAKES RESORT HOTEL ENUGU. JOURNAL OF EMERGING TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT SCIENCES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP, 4(1), 322-339.
  5. Ameliah, A. D., & Jatnika, R. (2024). Descriptive Study of College Student’s Career Adaptability with An Internship Experience. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(1), 1-11.
  6. Beede Emerole, D. O., & Ogbu Edeh PhD, F. (2017). The effect of compensation on employee performance in Nigeria civil service: A study of Rivers State board of internal revenue service. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 6(2).
  7. Campbell, J. Y. (2016). Restoring rational choice: The challenge of consumer financial regulation. American Economic Review, 106(5), 1-30.
  8. Corsini, L., & Spataro, L. (2013). Savings for retirement under liquidity constraints: A note. Economics Letters, 118(2), 258-261.
  9. Dashwep, C. J. (2021). Promoting Motivation For Employee Performance: A Case of Nigeria Public Sector. The Open University of Tanzania.
  10. Dugguh, S., & Iliya, A. (2018). Effect of retirement plans on employee performance in private sector organisations In Nigeria: A study of ashaka cement plc, gombe. International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI), 7(1), 20-27.
  11. Egbewole, I. K., Olusesi, L. D., & Abdulazeez, A. O. (2021). Compensation Management And Employees’ Job Satisfaction Among Staff Of Central Bank Of Nigeria, Lagos. Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, 21(1), 95-109.
  12. Ekwochi, E., Nwudugbo, P., & Okoene, C. (2018). The impact of fringe benefits on employee? s job performance in United Bank of Africa (Uba) Plc. IAA Journal of Scientific Research, 4(1), 34-62.
  13. Emmanuel, O. O. (2021). The dynamics of work environment and its impact on organizational objectives. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 1(2), 145-158.
  14. Fabusoro, E., Awotunde, J. A., Sodiya, C., & Alarima, C. (2008). Status of job motivation and job performance of field level extension agents in Ogun State: implications for agricultural development. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 14(2), 139-152.
  15. Fapohunda, T. (2013). The pension system and retirement planning in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 25-34.
  16. Haryono, S., Supardi, S., & Udin, U. (2020). The effect of training and job promotion on work motivation and its implications on job performance: Evidence from Indonesia. Management Science Letters, 10(9), 2107-2112.
  17. Ichdan, D. A. (2024). Analysis of employee performance through productivity: The role of kaizen culture, motivation, and work discipline in the manufacturing industry. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(1), 13-28.
  18. Ileka, N., & Muogbo, U. (2020). Wages and salary administration and employee performance in selected government ministries in Anambra State. International Journal of Innovative Development and Policy Studies, 8(1), 70-80.
  19. Johnt, M., Dieli, O., Mac-Ozigbo, A., Ngige, C., & Muojekpe, J. (2022). COMPENSATION ADMINISTRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA: AN EXPLORATION OF ISSUES. 3, 2021.
  20. Kalia, N., & Bhardwaj, B. (2019). Contextual and task performance: do demographic and organizational variables matter? Rajagiri Management Journal, 13(2), 30-42.
  21. Kennedy, P. S. J., Tobing, S. J. L., & Toruan, R. L. (2022). Marketing strategy with marketing mix for Lake Toba tourism destination. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship (JoSTE), 3(3), 157-174.
  22. Madhani, P. M. (2020). Effective rewards and recognition strategy: Enhancing employee engagement, customer retention and company performance. The Journal of Total Rewards, 29(2), 39-48.
  23. Mba, A. (2021). Work Environment and Employee Performance in the Public Service: A Study of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria. ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA (December 4, 2021).
  24. Mbukwana, V. L., & Ayandibu, A. O. (2023). Impact of performance incentives on employees' performance in a university in KwaZulu-Natal. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1-11.
  25. Mohammed, A. I., Mohammed, Z. F., & Mohammad, H. A. (2022). The effect of compensation management on employee performance: an empirical study in North Gas Company. World Bulletin of Management and Law, 7, 59-70.
  26. Musah, S., Xinying, J., & Korankye, B. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Compensation on Performance of Employees: A Case Study of AngloGold Ashanti Obuasi, Ghana. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 5(4), 216-225.
  27. Mwosi, F., Eton, M., Olupot, S. P., & Ogwel, B. P. (2024). Employee retention and organizational performance in Kabale District Local Government, Uganda. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 6(1), 1-12.
  28. Nayoan, S., Aurel AS, G., Caleen, E., Hartanto, D., Freshka Z, W., & Pratminingsih, S. A. (2021). The effects of workload, incentives and motivation on Gojek driver job satisfaction in Bandung City.
  29. Novakovic, R. (2024). 9 Employee Bonus Ideas and How to Use Them Effectively.
  30. Nson, Y. D. (2024). Sustainability of the society through green human resources management practices: A proposed model. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(1), 43-59.
  31. Obikwelu, C. L., & Nwasor, V. C. (2017). Perceived influence of remuneration on teacher motivation in Anambra state secondary schools. Journal of the Nigerian Academy of Education Vol, 13(1), 147.
  32. Ohide, A. D. F., & Mbogo, R. W. (2017). Impact of working conditions on teacher’s job satisfaction and performance in the private primary schools in Yei Town, South Sudan. IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies, 8(1), 122-129.
  33. Onuorah, A.N., & Nwene, A. N. (2019). Reward management and employee performance in selected local governments in Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Management Fields, 3(6), 1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.26808/rs.rmf.v3i6.01.
  34. Onuzulike, N., Okafor, N., & Nwankwo, C. (2022). PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATION ON EMPLOYEES’PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 1-12.
  35. Owota, F., & Elliot, S. (2022). Conditions of service and employees’ job performance among civil servants in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research, 10(2), 79-88.
  36. Pervin, M. T., & Zohora, F. T. (2023). The impact of training and development facilities on job commitment among entry-level employees: Bangladeshi RMG perspectives. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 5(1), 49-60.
  37. Phina, O. N., Patrick, O. A., & Nwabuike, C. (2022). Emotional Resilience and Employee Performance of Commercial Banks in South-East Nigeria. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 105-115.
  38. Pradhan, R. K., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee performance at workplace: Conceptual model and empirical validation. Business perspectives and research, 5(1), 69-85.
  39. Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of applied psychology, 85(4), 612.
  40. Rodrigues, F. (2024). Health Insurance - Meaning & Definition. Extracted from https://www.hdfclife.com/insurance-knowledge-centre/about-life-insurance/health-insurance-meaning-and-types on March 24th, 2024.
  41. Saraih, U. N., Mariadass, R. J., Abashah, A., & Mutalib, S. A. (2021). Employee performance in the perspectives of training, reward and motivation: Evidences from the Malaysian manufacturing company. Paper presented at the AIP conference proceedings.
  42. Scholar, A. (2021). Effect of Irregular Payment of Emolument on Performance of Non-academic Staff in Tertiary Institutions of Borno State, Nigeria 1Kyari Zanna Sunoma; 2Ayuba Alhaji Aminu; & 3Musa Adamu.
  43. Söderbom, M., & Teal, F. (2002). The performance of Nigerian manufacturing firms: report on the Nigerian manufacturing enterprise survey 2001: Centre for the Study of African Economies Oxford.
  44. Team, P. (2024). How employee health and productivity are connected. Retrieved from https://www.percihealth.com/articles/employee-health-productivity.
  45. THISDAYLIVE (2022). 24bn Life Insurance Cover for Public Servants for 2022/23. Retrieved on August 24, 2024 from https://www.thisdaylive.com › index.php › 2022/12/14
  46. Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2021). Teacher job satisfaction: the importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. Educational review, 73(1), 71-97.
  47. Udodiugwu, M. I. (2024). Management of stress among state universities’ lecturers for improved performance: A quantitative approach. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 4(1), 61-77.
  48. Uzoigwe, C. (1997). Retirement management without tears: Creating more retirement awareness. Owerri: Esther Thompson Publishing Company.
  49. Yamin, M. N. (2019). Position promotion and employee performance in the regional secretariat of Makassar city. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Administrasi Publik, 9(2), 327-334.
  50. Zirra, C. T. O., Mambula, C., & Anyatonwu, P. (2019). Impact of fringe benefits on employee performance: A study of Nasco Group, Jos Plateau State. International journal of education and social science, 6(1), 25-33.
  51. Zulkiflee, A., Syafiq, A., Halimi, M., Reza, M., & Dzarr, A. (2021). Fringe Benefit and Job Satisfaction in SME: An Empirical Experience among SMES in Selangor. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development, 6(6), 277-290.