Voter education package and KAP framework in electoral violence prevention among youth of voting-ages in Ondo City, Ondo State Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v6i1.3018
Veröffentlicht: Jan 7, 2026

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a voter education instructional package in improving the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) framework for preventing electoral violence among youths in Ondo City, Nigeria.

Methodology/approach: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach was adopted. The sample consisted of 183 youths of voting age, selected from four communities. The experimental group received a structured voter education package over eight weeks, while the control group was exposed to traditional instructional techniques. Data were collected using five validated questionnaires. ANCOVA was used for analysis.

Results/findings: The study found that the treatment significantly improved participants' knowledge (F = 28.275, p < 0.05) and practice (F = 21.810, p < 0.05) regarding electoral violence prevention. However, there was no significant effect on attitude (F = 0.195, p > 0.05). Gender did not have a significant impact on any of the KAP components (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: The voter education package significantly enhanced knowledge and practice among youths in Ondo City, making it a promising strategy for preventing electoral violence. However, it did not significantly change attitudes, suggesting that attitude transformation requires more extensive engagement.

Limitations: The study focused on a specific region, and the sample size was limited to one state. Future studies should explore other regions and implement longitudinal assessments.

Contribution: The study contributes to the field by offering an evidence-based voter education package that can be adopted in Nigeria and other developing democracies to mitigate electoral violence among youth.

Autor/innen:
Timilehin Olayinka Omoniyi
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Zitationsvorschlag
Omoniyi, T. O. (2026). Voter education package and KAP framework in electoral violence prevention among youth of voting-ages in Ondo City, Ondo State Nigeria. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies, 6(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.35912/jgas.v6i1.3018
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Bd. 6 Nr. 1 (2026): January
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Literaturhinweise

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    Adigwe, O. P., & Ajoku, G. (2022). A Quantitative Analysis of the Health, Education and Security Perspectives of Election-Related Violence in Nigeria. doi:https://doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.51213

    Ameh-Ogigo, J. A. (2025). Electoral Violence and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria. Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations, 3(1), 36-49.

    Angerbrandt, H. (2018). Deadly elections: post-election violence in Nigeria. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 56(1), 143-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X17000490

    B, A. F., Suripatty, P. I., & Lewerissa, C. M. (2025). Implementasi Peran Kepala Distrik dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Umum. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan dan Akuntabilitas, 5(1), 55-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v5i1.5436

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    Kesuma, D. A. (2023). Penguatan Gugatan Citizen Lawsuit/Action Popularis sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional atas Jaminan Penegakan Hak-Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum oleh Negara. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 3(1), 43-52. doi:10.35912/jihham.v3i1.2312

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    Nokshuwan, E., Abubakar, I., Gaadi, J., & Bamgbade, F. (2020). The role of voter education in combating hate speech and electoral violence in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(24), 35-40. doi:https://doi.org/10.7176/rhss/10-24-05

    Obakhedo, N. O. (2011). Curbing electoral violence in Nigeria: The imperative of political education. African Research Review, 5(5), 99-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v5i5.9

    Ogbu, S. (2020). Role of voter education in curbing electoral violence in the 2019 general elections in Enugu State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration, 8(5), 24-38.

    Ogundiya, I. S. (2013). Democracy and good governance: Nigeria's dilemma. African journal of political science and international relations, 7(4), 1-8.

    Ogunode, N. J., & Onakoya, A. (2024). Roles of Tertiary Institutions in Post-Election Violence Prevention in Nigeria. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 5(1), 31-41.

    Olowojolu, O., Rasak, B., Ake, M., Ogundele, O., & Afolayan, M. (2019). Trends in electoral violence in Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences and Public Policy, 11(1), 37-52.

    Omoniyi, T. (2025). Redefining electoral literacy: An appraisal of content adequacy, audience alignment, and reform prospects in INEC’s voter education programmes (VEP). Asia Pacific Journal of Education and Society, 13(2), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.20897/apjes/17299

    Omotayo, J. O. (2022). The House Divided against Itself: Youth and Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal), 12(2), 258-269. doi:https://doi.org/10.31289/jap.v12i2.8396

    Onapajo, H. (2014). Violence and votes in Nigeria: The dominance of incumbents in the use of violence to rig elections. Africa Spectrum, 49(2), 27-51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971404900202

    Orji, N., & Uzodi, N. (2012). THE 2011 Post Election Violence In Nigeria.

    Oyinloye, O. B. A. (2018). Reducing Nigerian youths involvement in electoral violence: an action research approach. Durban University of Technology.

    Pasela, C., Jatmiko, G., & Susanti, E. (2024). Criminological analysis of violent crime in Household Assistant. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 3(2), 93-102. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v3i2.2992

    Pradana, E., Sudrajat, Nauli, P., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Political Connection terhadap Cumulative Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan Dan Akuntabilitas, 1(1), 83-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v1i1.290

    Tonwe, D. A., Aihie, J. O., & Igiebor, G. s. O. (2017). Insecurity, Violence and Voter Turnout in Nigeria. University of Nigeria Journal of political economy, 7(1).

    Ugwonna, G. O., Akudike, C. J., Morah, J. N., & Ugwonna, A. C. (2023). Demystifying the Panorama of Electoral Violence in Nigeria: Exploring Education and E-Library Resources as Antidotes. Library Philosophy and Practice.

  1. Adesote, A. S., & Abimbola, J. O. (2014). Electoral Violence and the Survival of Democracy in Nigeria'sFourth Republic: A Historical Perspective. Canadian Social Science, 10(3), 140-148. doi:https://doi.org/10.3968/4593
  2. Adigwe, O. P., & Ajoku, G. (2022). A Quantitative Analysis of the Health, Education and Security Perspectives of Election-Related Violence in Nigeria. doi:https://doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.51213
  3. Ameh-Ogigo, J. A. (2025). Electoral Violence and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria. Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations, 3(1), 36-49.
  4. Angerbrandt, H. (2018). Deadly elections: post-election violence in Nigeria. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 56(1), 143-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X17000490
  5. B, A. F., Suripatty, P. I., & Lewerissa, C. M. (2025). Implementasi Peran Kepala Distrik dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Umum. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan dan Akuntabilitas, 5(1), 55-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v5i1.5436
  6. Egobueze, A., & Nweke, K. (2016). Youth violence and 2015 general elections in Nigeria: The Rivers State experience. South East Journal of Political Science, 2(2).
  7. Eneji, A. P., & Ikeorji, C. R. (2018). Youth political participation and electoral violence in the 21st century Nigeria: Bridging the gap. World Journal of Innovative Research, 4(6), 9-13.
  8. Ezeibe, C. (2021). Hate speech and election violence in Nigeria. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 56(4), 919-935. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909620951208
  9. Gadau, Y. I., & Malami, M. A. (2022). Youth and the electoral violence in Nigeria’s democratic regime: Lesson for youth ahead of 2023 general election. African Social Science and Humanities Journal, 3(4), 199-106. doi:https://doi.org/10.57040/asshj.v3i4.225
  10. Henry, R. (2023). Effectiveness of Electoral Violence Prevention Mechanisms: Insights from Malawi. Tanzania Journal of Sociology, 9(2), 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.56279/tajoso.v9i2.127
  11. Ibeogu, A., & Nwusulor, J. (2020). Electoral Violence, Political Participation And Democratic Consolidation In Nigeria 2019 General Election In Ebonyi State In Focus. South East Journal of Political Science, 6(1).
  12. Ikpe, U. B. (2015). Rethinking electoral violence and democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50(1), 96-108. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909613513419
  13. Kesuma, D. A. (2023). Penguatan Gugatan Citizen Lawsuit/Action Popularis sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional atas Jaminan Penegakan Hak-Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum oleh Negara. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 3(1), 43-52. doi:10.35912/jihham.v3i1.2312
  14. Magaji, U. A., Ibrahim, A. M., David, M., & Abubakar, H. (2024). Curbing Electoral Violence Through Integration and Effective Civic Education in Nigeria. Kashere Journal of Education, 7(2), 400-407.
  15. Nnajieto, A., & Nnajieto, C. (2024). The prevention of electoral violence: A panacea for achieving credible election in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences, 2(3), 337-350. doi:https://doi.org/10.58578/ijhess.v2i3.3615
  16. Nokshuwan, E., Abubakar, I., Gaadi, J., & Bamgbade, F. (2020). The role of voter education in combating hate speech and electoral violence in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(24), 35-40. doi:https://doi.org/10.7176/rhss/10-24-05
  17. Obakhedo, N. O. (2011). Curbing electoral violence in Nigeria: The imperative of political education. African Research Review, 5(5), 99-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v5i5.9
  18. Ogbu, S. (2020). Role of voter education in curbing electoral violence in the 2019 general elections in Enugu State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration, 8(5), 24-38.
  19. Ogundiya, I. S. (2013). Democracy and good governance: Nigeria's dilemma. African journal of political science and international relations, 7(4), 1-8.
  20. Ogunode, N. J., & Onakoya, A. (2024). Roles of Tertiary Institutions in Post-Election Violence Prevention in Nigeria. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 5(1), 31-41.
  21. Olowojolu, O., Rasak, B., Ake, M., Ogundele, O., & Afolayan, M. (2019). Trends in electoral violence in Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences and Public Policy, 11(1), 37-52.
  22. Omoniyi, T. (2025). Redefining electoral literacy: An appraisal of content adequacy, audience alignment, and reform prospects in INEC’s voter education programmes (VEP). Asia Pacific Journal of Education and Society, 13(2), 1-14. doi:https://doi.org/10.20897/apjes/17299
  23. Omotayo, J. O. (2022). The House Divided against Itself: Youth and Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal), 12(2), 258-269. doi:https://doi.org/10.31289/jap.v12i2.8396
  24. Onapajo, H. (2014). Violence and votes in Nigeria: The dominance of incumbents in the use of violence to rig elections. Africa Spectrum, 49(2), 27-51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/000203971404900202
  25. Orji, N., & Uzodi, N. (2012). THE 2011 Post Election Violence In Nigeria.
  26. Oyinloye, O. B. A. (2018). Reducing Nigerian youths involvement in electoral violence: an action research approach. Durban University of Technology.
  27. Pasela, C., Jatmiko, G., & Susanti, E. (2024). Criminological analysis of violent crime in Household Assistant. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 3(2), 93-102. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v3i2.2992
  28. Pradana, E., Sudrajat, Nauli, P., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Political Connection terhadap Cumulative Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan Dan Akuntabilitas, 1(1), 83-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v1i1.290
  29. Tonwe, D. A., Aihie, J. O., & Igiebor, G. s. O. (2017). Insecurity, Violence and Voter Turnout in Nigeria. University of Nigeria Journal of political economy, 7(1).
  30. Ugwonna, G. O., Akudike, C. J., Morah, J. N., & Ugwonna, A. C. (2023). Demystifying the Panorama of Electoral Violence in Nigeria: Exploring Education and E-Library Resources as Antidotes. Library Philosophy and Practice.